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Questions and Answers
In which of the following scenarios is the use of 'must not' most appropriate?
In which of the following scenarios is the use of 'must not' most appropriate?
- Proposing a future social event.
- Describing a likely future event.
- Stating a formal rule or regulation. (correct)
- Expressing a personal reminder.
To express a strong conclusion about an event happening currently, 'must have + past participle' is the correct form.
To express a strong conclusion about an event happening currently, 'must have + past participle' is the correct form.
False (B)
Fill in the blank with the correct form: 'I can hear a noise. You _______ imagining things.'
Fill in the blank with the correct form: 'I can hear a noise. You _______ imagining things.'
must be
Which sentence correctly uses 'must' or 'have (got) to' to describe a present situation in informal speech?
Which sentence correctly uses 'must' or 'have (got) to' to describe a present situation in informal speech?
The phrases 'must've (got) to' and 'must've had to' can be used interchangeably to express conclusions about past events.
The phrases 'must've (got) to' and 'must've had to' can be used interchangeably to express conclusions about past events.
Complete the sentence with the appropriate modal verb: Motorists ______ wait until next year to use the bridge.
Complete the sentence with the appropriate modal verb: Motorists ______ wait until next year to use the bridge.
Which of the following questions would typically imply a criticism?
Which of the following questions would typically imply a criticism?
When using frequency adverbs such as 'always', 'never', and 'sometimes', 'have got to' is preferred over 'have to'.
When using frequency adverbs such as 'always', 'never', and 'sometimes', 'have got to' is preferred over 'have to'.
Provide an example sentence using 'have to' in the past simple form, specifically a question.
Provide an example sentence using 'have to' in the past simple form, specifically a question.
Choose the correct sentence, recognizing the proper use of 'have got to'.
Choose the correct sentence, recognizing the proper use of 'have got to'.
Complete the sentence using must have + past participle: When I left my laptop on the train, I thought I'd never see it again. But someone _______ it and handed it in.
Complete the sentence using must have + past participle: When I left my laptop on the train, I thought I'd never see it again. But someone _______ it and handed it in.
The following sentence is grammatically correct: 'The meeting must be soon. Let's go.'
The following sentence is grammatically correct: 'The meeting must be soon. Let's go.'
Which of the following sentences properly uses 'must have' to express a change of mind?
Which of the following sentences properly uses 'must have' to express a change of mind?
How would you rephrase 'It is necessary to do all of this photocopying before lunchtime' using 'have got to'?
How would you rephrase 'It is necessary to do all of this photocopying before lunchtime' using 'have got to'?
'Hannah has to rarely tidy her room' is a correctly phrased sentence.
'Hannah has to rarely tidy her room' is a correctly phrased sentence.
Convert the following sentence: 'It wasn't necessary for me to go to the hospital after all.'
Convert the following sentence: 'It wasn't necessary for me to go to the hospital after all.'
Complete the email excerpt with the correct phrase: Sorry I haven't been in touch for a while. You (1) _______ what's been happening.
Complete the email excerpt with the correct phrase: Sorry I haven't been in touch for a while. You (1) _______ what's been happening.
The sentence, 'The door's very stiff, and I always have got to pull it very hard to shut it' is written correctly.
The sentence, 'The door's very stiff, and I always have got to pull it very hard to shut it' is written correctly.
Which of the following is the correct way to express, 'Do you have to bang the door so hard?' in the must form?
Which of the following is the correct way to express, 'Do you have to bang the door so hard?' in the must form?
What phrase should replace the italicized words in the expression? 'They must have climbed over the fence in the back garden.'
What phrase should replace the italicized words in the expression? 'They must have climbed over the fence in the back garden.'
In the email, the sentence I suppose I (6) must leave it open, but I didn't expect anyone to be able to get in, uses 'must' correctly.
In the email, the sentence I suppose I (6) must leave it open, but I didn't expect anyone to be able to get in, uses 'must' correctly.
Which phrase best replaces mustn't wait?
Which phrase best replaces mustn't wait?
Fill in the blank: 'I think the burglars (9) _______ disturbed, perhaps when the postman came.'
Fill in the blank: 'I think the burglars (9) _______ disturbed, perhaps when the postman came.'
The sentence 'So now (10) I've to get a new lock for the front door and replace the TV' is structured correctly.
The sentence 'So now (10) I've to get a new lock for the front door and replace the TV' is structured correctly.
What's the best way to correct 'must put' so it's grammatically sound?
What's the best way to correct 'must put' so it's grammatically sound?
Flashcards
When should you use 'must' and 'must not'?
When should you use 'must' and 'must not'?
Used for formal rules, regulations, and warnings.
When should you use 'must' or 'mustn't' in spoken English?
When should you use 'must' or 'mustn't' in spoken English?
Used to propose future arrangements or social events in spoken English.
When to use 'must have + past participle'?
When to use 'must have + past participle'?
To draw a strong conclusion about something that happened in the past.
When to use 'must be + -ing'?
When to use 'must be + -ing'?
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When to use 'must be going to' or 'must be + -ing'?
When to use 'must be going to' or 'must be + -ing'?
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When to use 'must be' or 'have (got) to be'?
When to use 'must be' or 'have (got) to be'?
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When to use 'must have to'?
When to use 'must have to'?
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When to use 'must have had to'?
When to use 'must have had to'?
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When to use 'have (got) to' in questions?
When to use 'have (got) to' in questions?
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When to use 'have to' in questions to imply criticism?
When to use 'have to' in questions to imply criticism?
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When to use 'have to' with frequency adverbs?
When to use 'have to' with frequency adverbs?
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When to use 'have to' with the past simple?
When to use 'have to' with the past simple?
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When to include 'got' with contractions of 'have'?
When to include 'got' with contractions of 'have'?
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When NOT to use 'have got to'?
When NOT to use 'have got to'?
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Study Notes
- Must and have (got) to are used to express obligation, necessity, and conclusions.
Must and Must Not
- Used in formal rules, regulations, and warnings.
- Example: "Bookings must be made at least seven days before departure."
- In spoken English, can propose future arrangements.
- Example: "We must get together more often."
- Can also remind ourselves to do something.
- Example: "I must charge my phone."
Drawing Strong Conclusions Using Must
- To conclude about a past event, use "must + have + past participle."
- Example: "She must have borrowed it from her parents."
- To conclude about something happening now, use "must be + -ing."
- Example: "You must be imagining things."
- To conclude about something likely in the future, use "must be going to" or "must be + -ing."
- Example: "They must be going to dig up the road."
- To conclude about a present situation, use "must be" or "have (got) to be" (informal).
- Example: "Their goalkeeper has got to be at least two metres tall!"
- "Must have to" draws conclusions based on a present situation.
- Example: "You must have to put in a password."
- "Must have had to" draws conclusions about a past situation.
- Example: "He must have had to go out unexpectedly."
- "Must've (got) to" is incorrect; use "must've had to".
Have (got) to in Questions
- Use "have (got) to" in questions when a negative answer is expected.
- Example: "Do we have to answer all the questions?"
- Use "have to" in questions that imply criticism.
- Example: "Do you have to play your trumpet here?"
Have to vs Have Got To
- Sometimes, either "have to" or "have got to" can be used.
- "Have to" should be used with frequency adverbs.
- Example: "I often have to work at the weekend."
- Use "have to" with the past simple, especially in questions and negative sentences.
- Example: "When did you have to give it back?"
- "Got" must be included if "have" is contracted.
- Example: "They've got to be blue."
- "Have got to" should not be used with other modal verbs.
- Example: "Motorists will have to wait..."
- "Have got to" is often preferred in informal speech.
Exercises 18.1 Solutions
- Someone must have found it and handed it in.
- Luisa must be incredibly rich.
- The meeting must be starting soon.
- Our grandparents must have had to work much harder.
- He must have changed his mind.
- I suppose you must show some form of ID.
- He must have had to take Lotta to work.
- There must be at least a thousand of them.
Exercises 18.2 Solutions
- Hannah rarely has to tidy her room
- Have we got to hand in the homework tomorrow?
- I didn't have to to go to the hospital after all.
- Did Ben have to go alone?
- Adam sometimes has to start work at 6:30.
- The college has got to extend to accommodate the new students.
- We may have to cancel our holiday because mother is ill.
Exercises 18.3 Solutions
- (1) must have been wondering
- (2) always have to pull it
- (3) Do you have to bang
- (4) must have climbed
- (5) must have had to squeeze
- (6) must have left
- (7) must have come
- (8) mustn't/didn't have to wait
- (9) must have been disturbed
- (10) I've got to get
- (11) must put
- (12) must have to get
- (13) I've got to go
- (14) must get
- (15) must be
- (16) have to
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