Questions and Answers
What are the four groups of musical instruments according to the NatyaShastra?
What are Tat Vadhya?
String Instruments
Name an example of a String Instrument.
Tanpura
Which of the following is NOT a category of String Instruments?
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What does Sushir Vadhya refer to?
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Which of these is a simple wind instrument?
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What does Avanadh mean?
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Which of the following is a category of percussion instruments?
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What are Ghan instruments made of?
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Which category includes instruments played with rotation or free movement?
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Study Notes
Classification of Musical Instruments
- Musical instruments are categorized into four groups according to the NatyaShastra of Bharat Muni.
- Four groups:
- Tat Vadhya: String Instruments
- Sushir Vadhya: Wind Instruments
- Avanadha Vadhya: Percussion instruments made from animal skin
- Ghan Vadhya: Solid instruments or cymbals made from hard materials (metal, wood, etc.)
Tat Vadhya (String Instruments)
- Historically, strings were made from weeds, animal skins, or hair; metal strings marked a significant advancement.
- The frequency of notes is influenced by the string length and its distance from the instrument's bridge.
- Examples include:
- Tanpura
- Veena
- Sitar
- Sarod
- Sarangi
- Israj
- Dilruba
Categories of String Instruments
- Plucked Instruments: Examples include Tanpura and Swara-Mandal.
- Stroking Instruments: Such as Sitar and Sarod.
- Bowed Instruments: Examples include Sarangi, Israj, and Violin.
- Hammered Instruments: The Santoor is a notable example.
Sushir Vadhya (Wind Instruments)
- "Sushir" derives from the term for "hole," representing instruments with holes for air sound production.
- Constructed from bamboo, wood, or metal to house an air column.
Categories of Wind Instruments
- Simple Wind Instruments: Examples include Flute, Shankh, and Tutaari.
- Wind Instruments with Reeds: Such as Shehnai and Sudri.
Avanadh Vadhya (Percussion Instruments)
- The term "Avanadh" signifies to cover or conceal; these instruments feature a sound box covered with skin.
- The Bohemia Dundudhi is the most ancient known instrument in this category.
Categories of Percussion Instruments
- Finger-Played: Including Khanjira, Duff, and Dimdi.
- Stick-Played: Instruments like Dhol, Sambal, and Nagada.
- Palm-Played: Instruments such as Pakhawaj and Mridangam.
- String-Attached Instruments: The Damru falls within this category.
- Dual Playing: Instruments played with both palms and fingers include Tabla, Dholaki, and Dholak.
Ghan Vadhya (Solid Instruments)
- "Ghan" means solid; these instruments are solid in shape.
- Materials used include stone, bones, horns, wood, and metals.
Categories of Solid Instruments
- Palm and Finger Played: Examples are Chipli and Taal.
- Played with Sticks or Hammer: Includes Jal Trang, Kaastha Tarang, and Ghanta.
- Rotation or Free Movement: Instruments such as Ghunghru, Ghantika, Rattle, and Kabas.
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Description
Explore the classification of musical instruments as described in the NatyaShastra of Bharat Muni. This quiz covers the four main categories: string, wind, percussion, and solid instruments, along with their definitions. Test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of musical classifications.
