Questions and Answers
What is the term for a musical phrase of several notes sung to one syllable?
Melismatic
Which of the following is a metal instrument used in traditional music?
Gangsa Palook
Which bamboo instrument is played by striking against the palm of one hand?
Bungkaka
In vocal ensemble performances during courtship, which instrument is described as a two-stringed lute?
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What type of musical meter does 'Free – meter' refer to?
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Which instrumental music uses gongs played by striking with the palm while rested on the lap?
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What type of music in the Cordillera region emphasizes the human voice?
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Which of the following is an example of a ceremonial song for the dead in Cordillera music?
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What type of music is intended to be performed by a musical instrument or group of instruments in the Cordillera region?
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Which type of music in the Cordillera region provides background support for other musical parts?
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What kind of music does Hudhud from Ifugao represent?
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Which music in the Cordillera region comprises over 200 stories of about 40 episodes each?
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Study Notes
Musical Terms
- Melismatic refers to a musical phrase with several notes sung to one syllable
- Free meter is a musical meter without a time signature
Metal Instruments
- Gangsa Toppaya is a type of gong played by striking with the palm while rested on the lap
- Gangsa Palook is a type of gong struck or beaten with wooden mallets while held by the left hand, typically played by men
Bamboo Instruments
- Bungkaka or Bilbil is a bamboo instrument played by striking against the palm of one hand
- Tongali is a nose flute played with the extreme forward edge of the right or left nostril
- Tongatong are bamboo tubes played by stamping each against the ground
- Ulibaw is a mouth-resonated bamboo instrument played with a flexible tongue fixed to one end to a surrounding frame
- Patteteg is a bamboo instrument of different sizes for varied timbre, split in half and struck by a wooden stick while rested on the lap
Vocal Ensemble with Instrumental Accompaniment
- Performed during courtship, usually in song-debate form, accompanied by instruments such as Kudlong (two-stringed lute) and Saluroy (polychordal zither)
Music of Cordillera
- Related to different occasions such as life cycle events, occupational activities, and various rituals in the highlands of Luzon
- Categories of Music of Cordillera include Vocal Music, Instrumental Music, and Vocal Ensemble with instrumental accompaniment
Vocal Music
- Emphasizes the human voice, sometimes accompanied by instruments
- Examples include:
- Ibaloi Badiw, a ceremonial song for the dead in a leader-chorus form
- Owiwi (Kalinga), lullabies
- Dagdagay (Kalinga), infancy-related songs
- Oppia (Kalinga), infancy-related songs
- Langan bata-bata (Tausug), infancy-related songs
- Bua (Subannen), infancy-related songs
- Kawayanna (Kalinga), infancy-related songs
- Hudhud (Ifugao), chanted epic poetry recited and chanted during specific occasions
Characteristics of Vocal Music
- Hudhud (Ifugao) comprises over 200 stories of about 40 episodes each, with themes celebrating Ifugao heroes, heroines, wealth, and culture
