Questions and Answers
What is the principle difference between Baroque and Classical melodies?
Baroque composers crafted melodies that ran on with little or no pause, while Classical composers favored melodies in short, balanced phrases.
What instrument began to rival the harpsichord in the 1760s and 1770s?
The fortepiano.
How was the Classical era similar to the Renaissance?
Both eras saw revived interest in ancient Roman & Greek culture in art, architecture, and philosophy.
Which composer tested the limits of the Classical style?
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Joseph Bologne, the Chevalier de Saint-Georges, was both an accomplished fencer and violinist; he achieved spectacular fame as a composer by pioneering a new French genre, opera buffa.
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Classical composers often opened their orchestral music with attention-grabbing crescendos.
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Since so many important composers of the Classical Era lived there, this period is often known as the age of Venetian Classicism.
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Instead of the involved designs of Baroque music, classical composers like Mozart and Haydn often set their themes against simple chords, creating textures that are easier to follow.
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Match the following musical terms with their definitions:
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What is the term for the final part of a piece or movement in sonata form?
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Where do movements in sonata form typically occur within larger works?
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Music intended for an outdoor evening performance is known as what?
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Louis XIV became known as the Sun King after appearing at a dance spectacle dressed as Ra, the Egyptian god of the sun.
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In the third part of sonata form - the development - the composer offers variations on the themes introduced in the first two parts.
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Match the following musical forms with their characteristics:
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What part of Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik is heard in the selection?
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What is the difference between this variation of the principal theme and the original iteration in Haydn's Symphony No. 94?
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In what part of traditional rondo form is Beethoven's Piano Sonata in C minor, Op. 13 (Pathetique) excerpt from?
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In what city did Haydn compose the twelve symphonies that are considered the culmination of his symphonic style?
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Which statement about the Esterhazy family is NOT true?
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How did Haydn petition his employer to grant his orchestral musicians leave to visit their families?
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Haydn composed The Creation and The Seasons in response to the legacy of which composer?
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Haydn's music was so popular that his compositions were widely performed in Vienna, London, and Paris, and he received commissions from France, Spain, and Italy.
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By the time Haydn began writing symphonies, there were two basic types: the Italian, in three movements, and the German, in four movements.
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What features mark the fourth movement of Haydn's Symphony No. 94 (Surprise) as the coda?
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In the second movement of Haydn's String Quartet in G major, Op. 76 No. 3 (Emperor), which variation is it, and why?
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Based on the Baroque model, how did Mozart envision the interaction between orchestra and soloist in a concerto?
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Which composer of Italian opera was particularly influential upon Mozart's approach to that genre?
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Which statement about Mozart's early life is NOT true?
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What is the nickname for Mozart's 41st symphony in C major?
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Mozart famously belonged to the Freemasons, a secret male society dedicated to Enlightenment ideals of tolerance, freedom, and humanitarianism.
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Mozart passed away within hours of completing the Requiem Mass in D Minor.
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Throughout his lifetime, Mozart wrote over six hundred compositions, catalogued in the 19th century by Ludwig von Kochel.
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Which statement about the musical effect in the excerpt from von Paradies's 'Morgenlied Eines Armen Mannes' is true?
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How would you know that the excerpt from Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 23 in A Major is the second exposition of the principal theme?
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What musical style does Mozart use in the excerpt from 'Se vuol ballare' from The Marriage of Figaro, and for what effect?
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What does the music reveal about the Queen's character in the excerpt from the Queen of the Night's aria?
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Which of the following is NOT one of Beethoven's major symphonic innovations?
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What literary figure described Beethoven's work as 'frightening', 'mysterious', and 'sinister'?
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In whose memory did Beethoven write a funeral cantata at the age of 20?
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Beethoven's 'Moonlight' Sonata has three movements, marked Very Slow and Sustained, Relatively Fast, and Very Slow.
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The final movement of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony includes an enormous finale inspired by Friedrich von Schiller's ode to universal brotherhood, the 'Ode to Joy'.
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During his late twenties, Beethoven began to lose his hearing.
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What is the rhythmic term for the way the upper notes are played against the bass pedal in the first movement of Beethoven's 'Moonlight' Sonata?
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What famous phrase has been used to describe the theme in Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 in C minor?
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Which variation of the theme is found in the second movement of Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 in C minor and why?
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Which instrument has the principal theme in the third movement of Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 in C minor?
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How is the fourth movement of Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 in C minor different from the original statement of the second theme?
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Study Notes
Baroque vs. Classical Melodies
- Baroque melodies are continuous, lacking pauses; Classical melodies are structured in short, balanced phrases.
Rise of the Fortepiano
- The fortepiano began to compete with the harpsichord in the 1760s and 1770s.
Cultural Revival
- The Classical era mirrored the Renaissance through a renewed interest in ancient Roman and Greek cultures influencing art, architecture, and philosophy.
Beethoven's Innovation
- Beethoven was known for testing and expanding the limits of the Classical music style.
Joseph Bologne
- Joseph Bologne, the Chevalier de Saint-Georges, was a fencer and violinist; he is credited with creating the sinfonia concertant, not opera buffa.
Orchestral Openings
- Classical composers often began their orchestral pieces with attention-grabbing crescendos.
Age of Classical Era
- The Classical Era is not referred to as the age of Venetian Classicism despite influential composers residing there.
Textural Simplicity
- Unlike the complex designs of Baroque music, Classical composers like Mozart and Haydn favored simpler textures with clearer thematic material against basic chords.
Musical Terms
- Staccato: Detached note playing
- Tenuto: Notes played and held
- Piano: Notes played softly
- Fortissimo: Notes played extremely loudly
Sonata Form Structure
- Recapitulation is the final segment in sonata form.
- Movements in sonata form typically feature in the first and last movements of larger works.
Outdoor Performances
- Music designed for evening outdoor performances is called a serenade.
Louis XIV
- Louis XIV earned the title "the Sun King" not from a dance spectacle as Ra but for other reasons tied to his reign.
Sonata Development
- The development section in sonata form does not merely offer variations but elaborates on themes, making the statement about it being a mere variation false.
Musical Composition Types
- Symphony: Composed for full orchestra.
- String Quartet: Consists of two violins, one viola, and one cello.
- Sonata: Typically features one or two instruments, often including a piano.
Mozart's Works
- The first movement of Mozart's "Eine kleine Nachtmusik" features the development section.
- Haydn's Symphony No. 94 displays a minor key theme in its second movement variation.
Classical Innovations
- Haydn composed twelve key symphonies while in London, reflecting the height of his symphonic style.
Esterhazy Family
- The Esterhazy family were not fierce political rivals of the Hapsburgs.
Haydn’s Unique Petition
- Haydn petitioned for his musicians to visit their families by creating a symphonic movement where musicians symbolically drop out.
Legacy of Handel
- Haydn's works "The Creation" and "The Seasons" were influenced by the legacy of Handel.
Popularity of Haydn
- Haydn's compositions gained widespread popularity, leading to performances across major European cities.
Sonata Creation
- In sonata form, the themes must be developed and restated, not merely varied in the development section.
Mozart's Genre Influence
- Mozart's approach to Italian opera was greatly influenced by composer Gluck.
Mozart's Early Life
- The Archbishop of Salzburg was not a consistent supporter of Mozart’s talent during his childhood.
The Jupiter Symphony
- Mozart's 41st symphony in C major is nicknamed "The Jupiter."
Freemasonry and Mozart
- Mozart was a member of the Freemasons, advocating Enlightenment ideals.
Mozart's Requiem
- It is false that Mozart passed away shortly after completing the Requiem Mass in D Minor.
Cataloging Mozart's Works
- Mozart's vast output includes over six hundred compositions, documented in the 19th century by Ludwig von Kochel.
Musical Effect in von Paradies's Work
- In "Morgenlied Eines Armen Mannes," the vocal line contains descending figures that create a sighing effect.
Concerto Structure by Mozart
- Mozart envisioned concertos as contests, emphasizing the interaction between soloist and orchestra.
The Character of Mozart's Operas
- In "Se vuol ballare" from "The Marriage of Figaro," Mozart uses a folk dance style to express Figaro's determination against the Count.
Beethoven's Innovation
- Beethoven did not extend his orchestra by including percussion and electrical instruments.
Literary Critique of Beethoven
- The composer Hoffmann described Beethoven's work as "frightening," "mysterious," and "sinister."
Beethoven's Early Tribute
- Beethoven composed a funeral cantata in memory of Joseph II at the age of 20.
Beethoven's "Moonlight" Sonata
- It is incorrect that the "Moonlight" Sonata has three movements marked slow, fast, and slow.
Seventh Symphony Finale
- The finale of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony is not based on "Ode to Joy"; it's a monumental finale of its own right.
Beethoven's Hearing Loss
- Beethoven began to lose his hearing during his late twenties, impacting his later compositions.
Rhythm in "Moonlight" Sonata
- In the first movement of “Moonlight” Sonata, the upper notes are played against the bass pedal in a triplet rhythm.
Symbolism in Symphony No. 5
- The theme in Beethoven’s Symphony No. 5 is famously described as "fate knocking at the door."
Theme Variations in Symphony No. 5
- In the second movement, the fourth variation shows the theme exchanged among the winds and strings.
Principal Theme in Symphony No. 5
- The principal theme in the third movement of Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 is presented by the French horn.
Final Movement Changes
- In the fourth movement of Symphony No. 5, the second theme is altered to appear in the tonic key, distinguishing it from earlier iterations.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the key differences between Baroque and Classical melodies, the instruments that emerged during these periods, and the similarities between the Classical era and the Renaissance. This quiz offers an engaging way to reinforce concepts covered in Module 5.
