Questions and Answers
Minstrelsy attempted to present which option?
There were African-American minstrel performers who wore blackface.
True
Jim Crow, the name applied to legislation that sought to deprive African-Americans of their rights, was originally the name for which minstrel show character?
The practice in which Tin Pan Alley song pluggers would bribe producers to use their songs was...
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In 19th century America, home entertainment centered around?
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Tin Pan Alley industry was concerned with the making and selling of?
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Louis Glass is known as the father of?
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W.C. Handy claimed the title of father of?
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As such, W.C. Handy was?
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W.C. Handy's songs bore more similarity to which kind of music?
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The Tin Pan Alley songwriter who best bridged the gaps between popular music, classical music, and jazz was?
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The Tango craze of the early 20th century introduced what into American popular music?
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The American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP) was formed to?
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ASCAP offered better protections for which group?
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The man known as the principal pioneer of broadcast radio was?
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Early radio broadcasting pioneers viewed radio as a medium for?
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William Paley of CBS saw the radio network as?
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The 1927 film "The Jazz Singer" is remembered as?
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The film that made it clear that Tin Pan Alley songs would play a major role in films was?
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The singing style known as 'crooning' was?
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During the 1920s and 1930s, the African American style of music we now know as blues was known as?
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During the 1920s and 1930s, the style of music we now know as country and western was called?
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The segmentation of niche market popular music along class and racial lines came primarily from?
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The two common styles of blues in the early 20th century were best known as ___ and ___ blues.
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The singer known as 'the express of the blues' was?
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The blues singer who influenced most blues and rock artists after him was?
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Early jazz musicians often migrated from?
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One of the first 'big band' leaders at the Roseland Ballroom was?
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The first bandleader at the Cotton Club in Harlem was?
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The bandleader who best exemplifies the blues-based Kansas City Swing style was?
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The first white bandleader to employ African-American musicians in his band was?
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There were African-Americans who performed hillbilly music.
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The hillbilly singer known as the 'Singing Brakeman' was?
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Jimmie Rodgers' music was heavily influenced by?
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Due to the significant demand for blues and jazz records, African-American musicians had an easy time getting airplay on the radio.
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Hillbilly music received more airplay on the radio than race music.
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Due to the fact that records were so cheap to make, independent record companies flourished during the Great Depression.
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The device that helped the record industry recover from the Great Depression was?
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Perhaps the most influential record producer of the mid-20th century was?
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The 'big three' record companies after the depression were?
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BMI stands for?
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BMI was the main competitor of?
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The chief difference between BMI and its main competitor was that?
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The American Federation of Musicians strike and recording ban of 1942 - 1944 was in reaction to?
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During and after the AFM strike and recording ban, focus shifted from?
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By 1949, what had been called race music and hillbilly music had been renamed?
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In reaction to cross-cultural influences of World War II, major record labels began the aggressive marketing of?
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In the late 1940s, independent record labels flourished by recording a style largely rejected by major labels. That style was?
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Three examples of influential independent record labels are?
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The advantage of magnetic tape as a recording medium was that?
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The advantage of transistors over vacuum tubes was that?
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So-called 'high fidelity' recording allowed record producers to?
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High fidelity recording required?
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45 RPM 'singles' were popular with?
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Independent local disk jockeys rose to stardom on the local level, supplanting live entertainment personalities on national network radio.
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The fast-talking, swing-style slang of some disk jockeys served as a formative influence on rap.
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Record companies generally ignored local independent disk jockeys, marketing music rather to the major radio networks.
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An important influence of black disk jockeys was?
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The disk jockey most noted for bringing Rhythm and Blues to white audiences was?
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One effect of independent deejays playing Rhythm and Blues was?
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Study Notes
Minstrelsy and Its Impact
- Minstrelsy presented a stereotypical caricature of African-American culture aimed at white audiences.
- African-American minstrel performers often used blackface in their acts to conform to the prevailing entertainment norms.
Jim Crow and Culture
- "Jim Crow" originated from a minstrel show character depicted as a subservient, slow-witted rural figure, representing systematic racial oppression.
Tin Pan Alley Practices
- "Paying for Play" involved Tin Pan Alley song pluggers bribing show producers, a practice accepted at the time.
- The primary focus of the Tin Pan Alley industry was the production and sale of sheet music.
Key Figures in Music History
- Louis Glass is identified as the father of the jukebox.
- W.C. Handy is recognized as the father of the blues and a trained composer.
Influence of Popular Music
- W.C. Handy's songs drew more from mainstream popular music rather than traditional blues.
- George Gershwin effectively bridged popular music, classical music, and jazz.
Cultural Exchange and Trends
- The Tango craze integrated Latin-American influences into American music, influencing both white and African-American cultures.
- The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) was established to facilitate royalty collection for songwriters.
Record Industry Dynamics
- ASCAP primarily protected established white, Tin Pan Alley songwriters over rural and African-American artists.
- Lee De Forest was a principal pioneer of broadcast radio, advocating for uplifting and tasteful programming.
Evolution of Music and Media
- Early radio aimed at edifying society with wholesome entertainment, contrasting commercial ventures.
- The 1927 film "The Jazz Singer" was pivotal as the first "talkie," marking a major shift in film music.
Music Genres and Terminology
- The styles known as blues were referred to as 'race music' in the 1920s and 30s, while country music was known as 'hillbilly music.'
- The segmentation of popular music arose predominantly from decisions made by recording companies.
Blues and Jazz Development
- The early 20th century blues styles prominently featured country and classical blues.
- Bessie Smith earned recognition as the "Empress of the Blues."
Transition and Market Changes
- Blind Lemon Jefferson significantly influenced generations of blues and rock artists.
- Independent record labels thrived post-World War II, particularly in the rhythm and blues genre, contrasting major label practices.
Advancements in Recording Technology
- Magnetic tape revolutionized recording quality, editing ease, and affordability compared to earlier media.
- The introduction of high fidelity recording expanded the potential for longer, high-quality records (LPs).
Radio and DJ Culture
- Local independent DJs became prominent, reshaping the radio landscape and bringing diverse music to various audiences.
- Black DJs played a critical role in the rise of Rhythm and Blues, influencing white audiences and effectively integrating musical boundaries.
Key Record Labels and Industry Shifts
- The "big three" post-Depression record companies were Columbia, Victor, and Decca.
- BMI emerged as a competitively inclusive organization compared to ASCAP, focusing on underrepresented artists.
Effects of Cultural Integration
- The AFM strike highlighted the need for fair compensation for artists, shifting focus to vocalists with big bands.
- The evolution of music labels post-1949 saw race music and hillbilly music rebranded as Rhythm and Blues and Country and Western, influencing mainstream culture.
Conclusion
- Music's evolution in this period was marked by significant racial and cultural dynamics, technological advancements, and shifts in public consumption.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts from chapters 1 to 3 of music studies, focusing on the representation of African-American culture in minstrelsy. Review flashcards to solidify your understanding of important terms and definitions relevant to the topics discussed in these chapters.