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Questions and Answers
Minstrelsy attempted to present which option?
Minstrelsy attempted to present which option?
- A stereotypical caricature of African-American culture for white audiences (correct)
- A genuine view of African-American culture for white audiences
- A genuine view of slave culture for more modern African-American audiences
There were African-American minstrel performers who wore blackface.
There were African-American minstrel performers who wore blackface.
True (A)
Jim Crow, the name applied to legislation that sought to deprive African-Americans of their rights, was originally the name for which minstrel show character?
Jim Crow, the name applied to legislation that sought to deprive African-Americans of their rights, was originally the name for which minstrel show character?
- The well-dressed, well-spoken, but often violent urban character
- The narrator
- The subservient, slow-witted, rural character (correct)
The practice in which Tin Pan Alley song pluggers would bribe producers to use their songs was...
The practice in which Tin Pan Alley song pluggers would bribe producers to use their songs was...
In 19th century America, home entertainment centered around?
In 19th century America, home entertainment centered around?
Tin Pan Alley industry was concerned with the making and selling of?
Tin Pan Alley industry was concerned with the making and selling of?
Louis Glass is known as the father of?
Louis Glass is known as the father of?
W.C. Handy claimed the title of father of?
W.C. Handy claimed the title of father of?
As such, W.C. Handy was?
As such, W.C. Handy was?
W.C. Handy's songs bore more similarity to which kind of music?
W.C. Handy's songs bore more similarity to which kind of music?
The Tin Pan Alley songwriter who best bridged the gaps between popular music, classical music, and jazz was?
The Tin Pan Alley songwriter who best bridged the gaps between popular music, classical music, and jazz was?
The Tango craze of the early 20th century introduced what into American popular music?
The Tango craze of the early 20th century introduced what into American popular music?
The American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP) was formed to?
The American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP) was formed to?
ASCAP offered better protections for which group?
ASCAP offered better protections for which group?
The man known as the principal pioneer of broadcast radio was?
The man known as the principal pioneer of broadcast radio was?
Early radio broadcasting pioneers viewed radio as a medium for?
Early radio broadcasting pioneers viewed radio as a medium for?
William Paley of CBS saw the radio network as?
William Paley of CBS saw the radio network as?
The 1927 film "The Jazz Singer" is remembered as?
The 1927 film "The Jazz Singer" is remembered as?
The film that made it clear that Tin Pan Alley songs would play a major role in films was?
The film that made it clear that Tin Pan Alley songs would play a major role in films was?
The singing style known as 'crooning' was?
The singing style known as 'crooning' was?
During the 1920s and 1930s, the African American style of music we now know as blues was known as?
During the 1920s and 1930s, the African American style of music we now know as blues was known as?
During the 1920s and 1930s, the style of music we now know as country and western was called?
During the 1920s and 1930s, the style of music we now know as country and western was called?
The segmentation of niche market popular music along class and racial lines came primarily from?
The segmentation of niche market popular music along class and racial lines came primarily from?
The two common styles of blues in the early 20th century were best known as ___ and ___ blues.
The two common styles of blues in the early 20th century were best known as ___ and ___ blues.
The singer known as 'the express of the blues' was?
The singer known as 'the express of the blues' was?
The blues singer who influenced most blues and rock artists after him was?
The blues singer who influenced most blues and rock artists after him was?
Early jazz musicians often migrated from?
Early jazz musicians often migrated from?
One of the first 'big band' leaders at the Roseland Ballroom was?
One of the first 'big band' leaders at the Roseland Ballroom was?
The first bandleader at the Cotton Club in Harlem was?
The first bandleader at the Cotton Club in Harlem was?
The bandleader who best exemplifies the blues-based Kansas City Swing style was?
The bandleader who best exemplifies the blues-based Kansas City Swing style was?
The first white bandleader to employ African-American musicians in his band was?
The first white bandleader to employ African-American musicians in his band was?
There were African-Americans who performed hillbilly music.
There were African-Americans who performed hillbilly music.
The hillbilly singer known as the 'Singing Brakeman' was?
The hillbilly singer known as the 'Singing Brakeman' was?
Jimmie Rodgers' music was heavily influenced by?
Jimmie Rodgers' music was heavily influenced by?
Due to the significant demand for blues and jazz records, African-American musicians had an easy time getting airplay on the radio.
Due to the significant demand for blues and jazz records, African-American musicians had an easy time getting airplay on the radio.
Hillbilly music received more airplay on the radio than race music.
Hillbilly music received more airplay on the radio than race music.
Due to the fact that records were so cheap to make, independent record companies flourished during the Great Depression.
Due to the fact that records were so cheap to make, independent record companies flourished during the Great Depression.
The device that helped the record industry recover from the Great Depression was?
The device that helped the record industry recover from the Great Depression was?
Perhaps the most influential record producer of the mid-20th century was?
Perhaps the most influential record producer of the mid-20th century was?
The 'big three' record companies after the depression were?
The 'big three' record companies after the depression were?
BMI stands for?
BMI stands for?
BMI was the main competitor of?
BMI was the main competitor of?
The chief difference between BMI and its main competitor was that?
The chief difference between BMI and its main competitor was that?
The American Federation of Musicians strike and recording ban of 1942 - 1944 was in reaction to?
The American Federation of Musicians strike and recording ban of 1942 - 1944 was in reaction to?
During and after the AFM strike and recording ban, focus shifted from?
During and after the AFM strike and recording ban, focus shifted from?
By 1949, what had been called race music and hillbilly music had been renamed?
By 1949, what had been called race music and hillbilly music had been renamed?
In reaction to cross-cultural influences of World War II, major record labels began the aggressive marketing of?
In reaction to cross-cultural influences of World War II, major record labels began the aggressive marketing of?
In the late 1940s, independent record labels flourished by recording a style largely rejected by major labels. That style was?
In the late 1940s, independent record labels flourished by recording a style largely rejected by major labels. That style was?
Three examples of influential independent record labels are?
Three examples of influential independent record labels are?
The advantage of magnetic tape as a recording medium was that?
The advantage of magnetic tape as a recording medium was that?
The advantage of transistors over vacuum tubes was that?
The advantage of transistors over vacuum tubes was that?
So-called 'high fidelity' recording allowed record producers to?
So-called 'high fidelity' recording allowed record producers to?
High fidelity recording required?
High fidelity recording required?
45 RPM 'singles' were popular with?
45 RPM 'singles' were popular with?
Independent local disk jockeys rose to stardom on the local level, supplanting live entertainment personalities on national network radio.
Independent local disk jockeys rose to stardom on the local level, supplanting live entertainment personalities on national network radio.
The fast-talking, swing-style slang of some disk jockeys served as a formative influence on rap.
The fast-talking, swing-style slang of some disk jockeys served as a formative influence on rap.
Record companies generally ignored local independent disk jockeys, marketing music rather to the major radio networks.
Record companies generally ignored local independent disk jockeys, marketing music rather to the major radio networks.
An important influence of black disk jockeys was?
An important influence of black disk jockeys was?
The disk jockey most noted for bringing Rhythm and Blues to white audiences was?
The disk jockey most noted for bringing Rhythm and Blues to white audiences was?
One effect of independent deejays playing Rhythm and Blues was?
One effect of independent deejays playing Rhythm and Blues was?
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Study Notes
Minstrelsy and Its Impact
- Minstrelsy presented a stereotypical caricature of African-American culture aimed at white audiences.
- African-American minstrel performers often used blackface in their acts to conform to the prevailing entertainment norms.
Jim Crow and Culture
- "Jim Crow" originated from a minstrel show character depicted as a subservient, slow-witted rural figure, representing systematic racial oppression.
Tin Pan Alley Practices
- "Paying for Play" involved Tin Pan Alley song pluggers bribing show producers, a practice accepted at the time.
- The primary focus of the Tin Pan Alley industry was the production and sale of sheet music.
Key Figures in Music History
- Louis Glass is identified as the father of the jukebox.
- W.C. Handy is recognized as the father of the blues and a trained composer.
Influence of Popular Music
- W.C. Handy's songs drew more from mainstream popular music rather than traditional blues.
- George Gershwin effectively bridged popular music, classical music, and jazz.
Cultural Exchange and Trends
- The Tango craze integrated Latin-American influences into American music, influencing both white and African-American cultures.
- The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) was established to facilitate royalty collection for songwriters.
Record Industry Dynamics
- ASCAP primarily protected established white, Tin Pan Alley songwriters over rural and African-American artists.
- Lee De Forest was a principal pioneer of broadcast radio, advocating for uplifting and tasteful programming.
Evolution of Music and Media
- Early radio aimed at edifying society with wholesome entertainment, contrasting commercial ventures.
- The 1927 film "The Jazz Singer" was pivotal as the first "talkie," marking a major shift in film music.
Music Genres and Terminology
- The styles known as blues were referred to as 'race music' in the 1920s and 30s, while country music was known as 'hillbilly music.'
- The segmentation of popular music arose predominantly from decisions made by recording companies.
Blues and Jazz Development
- The early 20th century blues styles prominently featured country and classical blues.
- Bessie Smith earned recognition as the "Empress of the Blues."
Transition and Market Changes
- Blind Lemon Jefferson significantly influenced generations of blues and rock artists.
- Independent record labels thrived post-World War II, particularly in the rhythm and blues genre, contrasting major label practices.
Advancements in Recording Technology
- Magnetic tape revolutionized recording quality, editing ease, and affordability compared to earlier media.
- The introduction of high fidelity recording expanded the potential for longer, high-quality records (LPs).
Radio and DJ Culture
- Local independent DJs became prominent, reshaping the radio landscape and bringing diverse music to various audiences.
- Black DJs played a critical role in the rise of Rhythm and Blues, influencing white audiences and effectively integrating musical boundaries.
Key Record Labels and Industry Shifts
- The "big three" post-Depression record companies were Columbia, Victor, and Decca.
- BMI emerged as a competitively inclusive organization compared to ASCAP, focusing on underrepresented artists.
Effects of Cultural Integration
- The AFM strike highlighted the need for fair compensation for artists, shifting focus to vocalists with big bands.
- The evolution of music labels post-1949 saw race music and hillbilly music rebranded as Rhythm and Blues and Country and Western, influencing mainstream culture.
Conclusion
- Music's evolution in this period was marked by significant racial and cultural dynamics, technological advancements, and shifts in public consumption.
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