Musculoskeletal System Quiz

Skeletal System

• Provides essential functions: support, protection, and movement.
• Composed of both hard and flexible structures.

Bone

• Hard tissue primarily made of cells, collagen, and calcium.

Joint

• The point where two or more bones meet, enabling movement.

Cartilage

• Strong yet flexible and elastic tissue that reduces friction between bones and increases flexibility during movement.

Muscle

• Tissue comprised of long cells that have the ability to contract.

Contraction

• A process where muscle filaments move closer together, resulting in muscle shortening.

Relaxation

• A process where muscle filaments move away from each other, resulting in lengthening.

Tendon

• Connective tissue that links muscles to bones, facilitating movement.

Cardiac Muscle

• Specialized muscle found only in the heart, functioning involuntarily.

Smooth Muscle

• Muscle type located in the lining of inner organs; also involuntary.

Skeletal Muscle

• Muscle that attaches to bones, enabling voluntary movements of the skeleton.

Number of Bones

• Infants have over 300 bones; adults typically have 206 as some bones fuse during growth.

Endoskeleton

• An internal skeletal structure made of bone or cartilage, which grows with the organism.

Bone Marrow

• Tissue found inside bones responsible for producing red and white blood cells.

Extension

• The action of straightening a limb, increasing the angle between the bones of the limb.

Flexion

• The bending of a limb, decreasing the angle between the bones.

Types of Joints

• Gliding Joint: Enables bending and twisting movements (e.g., ankle, wrist, vertebrae).
• Pivot Joint: Allows side-to-side and up-and-down movements (e.g., base of skull).
• Hinge Joint: Facilitates back-and-forth movements (e.g., fingers, elbows, knees).
• Ball and Socket Joint: Provides multi-directional movement and rotation (e.g., shoulders, hips).
• Immovable Joint: Allows very limited or no movement (e.g., skull).