Musculoskeletal System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of cardiac muscles?

  • to produce heat and energy
  • to control body movements
  • to maintain posture
  • to regulate the contraction of the heart (correct)

Which type of muscle is responsible for the movement of body parts?

  • smooth muscles
  • neuro muscles
  • cardiac muscles
  • skeletal muscles (correct)

What is the term for the ability of muscles to respond to a stimulus such as a nerve impulse?

  • elasticity
  • contractility
  • excitability (correct)
  • extensibility

Which of the following is NOT a property of muscles?

<p>conductivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of smooth muscles in the body?

<p>to act on the lining of the body's passageways and hollow internal organs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of muscles that make up the muscular system?

<p>over 650 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of a body part towards the midline?

<p>Adduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a tough, sheetlike membrane that covers and protects tissue?

<p>Fascia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the end of a muscle that does not move when the muscle contracts?

<p>Origin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of a body part in a circular motion at a joint?

<p>Circumduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a strong, tough connective tissue cord that attaches a muscle to a bone?

<p>Tendon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of a body part that increases the angle between two bones?

<p>Extension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the skeleton in providing a protective framework to organisms?

<p>Support and protection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an exoskeleton?

<p>Calcium carbonate shell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the muscle that is triangular in shape?

<p>Deltoid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tendons?

<p>To connect muscle to bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a ligament?

<p>Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the muscle that has two heads?

<p>Biceps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoclasts in the growth and repair of bones?

<p>To break down bone and deposit calcium and phosphate in the blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic shape of flat bones?

<p>Small and cubed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the axial skeleton?

<p>Femur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tendons in the human body?

<p>To connect muscles to bones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of bones in the human axial skeleton?

<p>80 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cartilage in the human body?

<p>To provide flexibility and cushioning in joints (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the fontanel closes by the age of 18 months?

<p>Intramembranous ossification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the abnormal curvature of the spine that results in a 'humpback' or 'round back' condition?

<p>Kyphosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the roof of the oral cavity?

<p>Hard palate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the zygomatic bones?

<p>Forming the cheek bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During expiration, what is the movement of the ribs?

<p>Swing inward and downward (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vertebral column?

<p>Protects and encloses the spinal cord (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Axial bones

Bones located in the median axis of the body, including the skull and spine.

Appendicular bones

Bones located at the sides of the body, such as limbs and girdles.

Long bones

Elongated and cylindrical bones, like the femur and humerus.

Flat bones

Bones that are thin and generally curved, such as the skull and ribs.

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Cartilage

Flexible connective tissue found in areas like the joints and nose.

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Osteoblast

Cells responsible for secreting bone matrix, helping in bone formation.

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Osteoclast

Cells that break down bone tissue and release calcium into the blood.

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Axial skeleton

Part of the skeleton comprising 80 bones along the body's midline.

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Appendicular skeleton

Part of the skeleton made up of 126 bones, including limbs and girdles.

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Cranium

The part of the skull that encloses the brain, made of 8 bones.

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Lordosis

An inward curvature of the spine.

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Kyphosis

An outward curvature of the spine, often referred to as hunchback.

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Cardiac muscles

Muscles that make up the heart, responsible for its beating.

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Skeletal muscles

Muscles attached to bones that facilitate body movement.

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Excitability

The ability of muscle cells to respond to a stimulus.

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Contractility

The ability of muscles to contract and create movement.

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Extensibility

The capacity of muscles to stretch beyond their resting length.

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Elasticity

The ability of muscles to return to their original shape after contracting.

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Tendon

Strong connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones.

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Fascia

A tough membrane that covers and protects muscles and fibers.

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Adduction

Movement of a body part toward the midline of the body.

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Abduction

Movement of a body part away from the midline of the body.

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Flexion

Decreasing the angle between two bones.

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Extension

Increasing the angle between two bones.

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Rotation

Turning a body part around its own axis.

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Circumduction

Movement in a circular fashion at a joint.

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Naming of muscles

Based on size, shape, direction, location, and number of origins.

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Study Notes

Classification of Bones

  • Based on location: axial bones (located in the median axis of the body) and appendicular bones (located at the sides of the body)
  • Axial bones: skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, sternum, and ribcage
  • Appendicular bones: girdles, forelimbs, and hind limbs

Classification of Bones Based on Shape

  • Long bones: elongated and cylindrical
  • Irregular bones: small and cubed
  • Short bones: varied shapes that permit connections with other bones
  • Flat bones: circular in shape
  • Round bones: small and cubed

Components of Skeleton

  • Cartilage: flexible connective tissue found in many areas of the human body
  • Osteoblast: responsible for secreting matrix, ostein
  • Osteoclast: performs bone reabsorption, breaking down bone and depositing calcium and phosphate in the blood

Regional Distribution of the Human Skeleton

  • Axial skeleton (80 bones): skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribcage
  • Appendicular skeleton (126 bones): upper and lower limbs, girdles, and pelvis

Skull

  • Cranium: 8 bones that form the braincase
  • Face: 4 bones that form the facial structure
  • Hyoid bone: 1 bone that serves as the attachment point for muscles and ligaments
  • Ossicles: 6 bones that make up the middle ear
  • Fontanel: a soft spot on the skull that closes by the age of 18 months through intramembranous ossification

Vertebral Column

  • Functions: protects and encloses the spinal cord, gives rigidity to the body, supports the head and trunk, and allows for movement
  • Abnormal curvatures: lordosis (inward curvature), kyphosis (outward curvature), and scoliosis (sideward curvature)

Muscles

  • Types: cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles
  • Cardiac muscles: form the wall of the heart and are responsible for its contraction
  • Smooth muscles: muscles that act on the lining of the body's passageways and hollow internal organs
  • Skeletal muscles: muscles attached to bone that cause body movements

Properties of Muscles

  • Excitability: the ability to respond to a stimulus
  • Contractility: the ability to contract and cause movement
  • Extensibility: the ability to be stretched
  • Elasticity: the ability to return to its original shape after contraction or stretching

Functions of Skeletal Muscles

  • Produce movement and maintain posture
  • Protect internal organs
  • Produce heat and energy

Methods of Attachment to Bones

  • Tendon: a strong, tough connective tissue cord that attaches muscles to bones
  • Fascia: a tough, sheet-like membrane that covers and protects tissue

Movement of Muscles

  • Adduction: moving a body part toward the midline
  • Abduction: moving a body part away from the midline
  • Flexion: decreasing the angle between two bones
  • Extension: increasing the angle between two bones
  • Rotation: turning a body part around its own axis
  • Circumduction: moving in a circle at a joint

Naming of Muscles

  • Based on size, shape, direction of fibers, location, and number of origins
  • Examples: vastus (huge), maximus (large), deltoid (triangular), and rectus (straight)

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Description

Test your knowledge of the musculoskeletal system, including the skeletal and muscular systems, types of muscles, and their functions. Learn about cardiac, smooth, and other types of muscles and their roles in the body.

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