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Questions and Answers
What is the primary site for calcium absorption that is bypassed in patients undergoing bariatric surgery?
What is the primary site for calcium absorption that is bypassed in patients undergoing bariatric surgery?
Which demographic is recommended to consume approximately 1200 mg of calcium daily for bone health?
Which demographic is recommended to consume approximately 1200 mg of calcium daily for bone health?
What condition may remain undetectable on routine x-rays until significant demineralization has occurred?
What condition may remain undetectable on routine x-rays until significant demineralization has occurred?
What exercise regimen is recommended to promote bone formation in individuals at risk for osteoporosis?
What exercise regimen is recommended to promote bone formation in individuals at risk for osteoporosis?
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How is calcitonin primarily administered for osteoporosis treatment?
How is calcitonin primarily administered for osteoporosis treatment?
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Which pharmacologic treatment for osteoporosis is a daily administered anabolic agent that stimulates bone matrix building?
Which pharmacologic treatment for osteoporosis is a daily administered anabolic agent that stimulates bone matrix building?
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What is a characteristic of a ganglion cyst?
What is a characteristic of a ganglion cyst?
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What is a potential complication of osteoporosis that particularly affects the vertebrae?
What is a potential complication of osteoporosis that particularly affects the vertebrae?
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What nursing intervention is important for clients at risk of falls due to osteoporosis?
What nursing intervention is important for clients at risk of falls due to osteoporosis?
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What factors are most commonly associated with primary osteoporosis?
What factors are most commonly associated with primary osteoporosis?
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Which of the following is a symptom of Dupuytren's disease?
Which of the following is a symptom of Dupuytren's disease?
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What is a common risk factor for developing osteoporosis?
What is a common risk factor for developing osteoporosis?
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In terms of treatment, what may be used to alleviate contractures in Dupuytren's disease?
In terms of treatment, what may be used to alleviate contractures in Dupuytren's disease?
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How does osteoporosis primarily affect bones?
How does osteoporosis primarily affect bones?
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Which medication is known to affect calcium absorption and can contribute to osteoporosis?
Which medication is known to affect calcium absorption and can contribute to osteoporosis?
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Which type of osteoporosis is caused by factors other than aging or menopause?
Which type of osteoporosis is caused by factors other than aging or menopause?
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What is the primary defect in osteomalacia?
What is the primary defect in osteomalacia?
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Which of the following is a common symptom of osteomalacia?
Which of the following is a common symptom of osteomalacia?
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How can osteomalacia be treated effectively?
How can osteomalacia be treated effectively?
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What dietary adjustments should a patient with osteomalacia make?
What dietary adjustments should a patient with osteomalacia make?
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Which of the following may lead to a deficiency in activated vitamin D?
Which of the following may lead to a deficiency in activated vitamin D?
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What role does parathyroid hormone play in the context of osteomalacia?
What role does parathyroid hormone play in the context of osteomalacia?
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Which of the following conditions contributes to the development of osteomalacia?
Which of the following conditions contributes to the development of osteomalacia?
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What exercise suggestion is important for someone at risk of osteomalacia?
What exercise suggestion is important for someone at risk of osteomalacia?
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Flashcards
Ganglion
Ganglion
A cystic swelling near tendons or joints, often on the wrist.
Treatment for Ganglion
Treatment for Ganglion
Involves aspiration, corticosteroid injection, or surgical excision.
Dupuytren's Disease
Dupuytren's Disease
A progressive contracture of the palmar fascia affecting fingers.
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis
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Risk Factors for Osteoporosis
Risk Factors for Osteoporosis
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Primary Osteoporosis
Primary Osteoporosis
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Secondary Osteoporosis
Secondary Osteoporosis
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Medications affecting Osteoporosis
Medications affecting Osteoporosis
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Osteomalacia
Osteomalacia
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Assistive devices
Assistive devices
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Vitamin D role
Vitamin D role
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Calcium-rich diet
Calcium-rich diet
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Malabsorption syndrome
Malabsorption syndrome
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Pathologic fractures
Pathologic fractures
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Spinal kyphosis
Spinal kyphosis
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Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
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Osteoporosis Risk Factors
Osteoporosis Risk Factors
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Assessment Signs of Osteoporosis
Assessment Signs of Osteoporosis
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Osteoporosis Diagnosis
Osteoporosis Diagnosis
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Calcium and Vitamin D Needs
Calcium and Vitamin D Needs
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Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty
Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty
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Calcitonin
Calcitonin
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Teriparatide
Teriparatide
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Nursing Interventions for Osteoporosis
Nursing Interventions for Osteoporosis
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Study Notes
Musculoskeletal System
- The human body contains 206 bones, divided into four categories: long, short, flat, and irregular.
- Long bones are designed for weight-bearing and movement.
- Short bones consist of cancellous bone, covered by a compact bone layer.
- Flat bones are important for hematopoiesis and often protect vital organs.
- Irregular bones have unique shapes, suited to their functions.
- Bone cells include osteoblasts (bone formation), osteocytes (bone maintenance), and osteoclasts (bone resorption).
- Osteons are the microscopic functional units of mature cortical bone.
- Periosteum is a dense fibrous membrane surrounding the bone.
- Endosteum is a vascular membrane lining the bone marrow cavity.
- Bone marrow is a vascular tissue found in the medullary cavity of long bones and in flat bones.
- Cartilage covers the ends of long bones.
- Diaphysis is the shaft of a long bone.
- Bone formation (osteogenesis) and ossification occur before birth. These processes involve the formation of bone matrix and the deposition of calcium and phosphorus.
- Bone maintenance involves remodeling, the simultaneous process of resorption and osteogenesis, which maintains bone structure. Dietary intake of calcium, physical activity, and specific hormones play crucial roles.
- Broken bones heal through a series of steps including hematoma formation, callus formation, calcification, and remodeling.
Articular System
- Joints are the junctions of two or more bones.
- Three types of joints are synarthrosis (immovable), amphiarthrosis (slightly movable), and diarthrosis (freely movable).
- Types of joints include ball-and-socket, hinge, saddle, and pivot.
- Synovium is the membrane lining the capsule that secretes the lubricating synovial fluid.
- Ligaments and bursae bind articulating bones together. Ligaments are fibrous connective tissue bands, bursae cushion movement.
- Muscles, or muscle fibers, contract in response to electrical stimulation, using energy from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and cellular oxidative metabolism.
- Types of muscle contraction include isometric contraction (constant length), and isotonic contraction (muscle shortening).
- Muscle tone is a state of muscle readiness to respond to stimuli.
Diagnostic Tests
- X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans are imaging techniques that provide diagnostic information on bone, soft tissue, ligament, and tendon structures within the body.
- Arthrography involves injecting a radiopaque contrast agent or air into a joint to view the articular structures.
- Bone densitometry measures bone mineral density, which indirectly gives diagnostic information about bone health.
- Bone scans use radioactive isotopes to give images of bone structure.
- Biopsy procedures are used to examine bone marrow, bone, muscle, or synovium tissue to diagnose diseases including bone, muscle and joint diseases.
- Electromyography measures the electrical potential of muscles and nerves to diagnose muscle weakness or related disorders.
Casts
- Different types of casts are used to immobilize and support the body in treating various musculoskeletal conditions.
- Types of casts include: Collar, body, Minerva, Rizzers' jacket, Shoulder spica casts, Sugar tong casts, Short arm, long arm, short leg, long leg, and various other specialized casts.
- Cast materials commonly in use: Fiberglass, Plaster of Paris, and various other materials.
Splints & Braces
- Splints are used to immobilize and support body parts in cases that do not require complete immobilization for treatment or healing.
- External immobilizing devices molded to the contour of the body.
- Types of splints and braces include: Cock-up splint, Banjo splint, Lively finger, arm sling, and other specialized splints.
Traction
- Techniques used to apply a pulling force to a body part.
- Types of tractions. Skin traction, Skeletal traction, types of casts used for various body parts and joints including neck, pelvic, and femoral.
- External fixators are devices to provide stable support for severe fractures.
Relieving Pain/Symptoms & Interventions
- Treatment strategies and nursing interventions for pain including cold and heat application, positioning, exercises and medications.
- Managing potential complications, including infection, excessive drainage, pressure ulcers, neurological impairment and other complications, through frequent monitoring assessment.
- Preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with interventions designed to prevent thrombosis formation, including anti-embolism compression stockings or sequential compression devices are used to prevent.
- Various other acute and chronic conditions causing pain or other symptoms are treated with focused nursing interventions.
Joint Problems, including Articular Damage and Treatment
- Chronic bone or joint problems including arthritis or other chronic conditions, with nursing interventions including proper positioning to prevent additional complications or damage.
- Total hip and knee replacement interventions to treat chronic bone or joint damage.
- Nursing interventions in treating complications, and proper post-operative care.
Amputation
- Removal of a body part; related complications, including managing pain, minimizing joint contractures, and promoting body image.
- Nursing care during and post-operative care, to minimize post-operative complications.
Miscellaneous Musculoskeletal Conditions
- Various other musculoskeletal conditions including fractures, tumors, and specific problems like Paget's disease, osteoporosis, gout, scoliosis and their related complications, diagnosis, management and nursing care protocols.
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Description
Explore the intricacies of the musculoskeletal system, including the classification of bones and their functions. This quiz covers essential terms like osteoblasts and osteoclasts, the structure of bones, and the processes of bone formation and maintenance. Test your knowledge of the human skeletal framework and its roles in movement and protection.
