Musculoskeletal System and Tissues Quiz

Squamous epithelium = Flattened and thin cells Cuboidal epithelium = Boxy, as wide as it is tall Columnar epithelium = Rectangular, taller than it is wide Pseudostratified epithelium = Single layer of irregularly shaped cells that give the appearance of more than one layer

Tight junctions = Restrict movement of fluids between adjacent cells Gap junctions = Allow direct communication and passage of ions and small molecules between cells Anchoring junctions = Provide strong yet flexible connection between epithelial cells Adherens junctions = Help epithelial layers resist separation during various contractile activities

Cilia = Allow movement of fluids and particles along the cell surface Basal lamina = Forms a basement membrane to anchor layers together Glycoproteins and collagen secretion = Forms basal lamina by interacting with the reticular lamina from connective tissue Mucous secretion = Traps incoming microorganisms and particles

Shape of cells can vary = Depending on the degree of stretch within a tissue Number of layers can vary = Depending on the degree of stretch within a tissue Appearance of cells can vary = Depending on the degree of stretch within a tissue Degree of stretch-dependent variation = Variation in shape, number of layers, and appearance depending on tissue stretch

First line of protection from physical, chemical, and biological damage = Control permeability by allowing selective transfer of materials across its surface = Capable of rapidly replacing damaged and dead cells = Capable of secreting mucous and specific chemical compounds onto their apical surfaces =

Epithelial tissue = Cells that cover external surfaces of the body Connective tissues = Support and connect different types of tissues in the body Muscular tissues = Responsible for movement and locomotion Nervous tissue = Responsible for transmitting electrical signals and coordinating bodily functions

Highly cellular, with little or no extracellular material present between cells = Adjoining cells form specialized intercellular connections called cell junctions Specialized intercellular connections called cell junctions = Highly cellular, with little or no extracellular material present between cells Cells that cover external surfaces of the body = Responsible for various functions and glandular activities Derived from all three major embryonic layers = Originates from ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm

Cutaneous membranes = Develops from ectoderm Mucous membranes = Majority originate in the endoderm Endothelium = Lines vessels in lymphatic and cardiovascular systems Mesothelium = Lining the true cavities

Red muscle fibers = Rich in myoglobin and suitable for endurance activities White muscle fibers = Less myoglobin and suitable for quick, powerful contractions Smooth muscle fibers = Found in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels Striated muscle fibers = Voluntary muscles attached to bones for movement

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles

Highly cellular with specialized intercellular connections called cell junctions

All three major embryonic layers (ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm)

Cartilage is more flexible and avascular, while bone is hard and vascular

Support, protection, movement, blood cell production, and mineral storage

Muscle contraction involves the sliding of actin and myosin filaments, while relaxation involves the release of calcium ions and repositioning of the filaments

Apical and basal surfaces

To allow for the movement of fluids and particles along the surface

To anchor the layers together

To protect from physical, chemical, and biological damage

Tight junctions, gap junctions, and anchoring junctions

Simple epithelium consists of a single layer, while stratified epithelium consists of more than one layer

The appearance of more than one layer, although it is a single layer of irregularly shaped cells

Tight junctions are observed in the epithelium of the urinary bladder, preventing the escape of fluids comprising the urine

Transitional epithelium

Cilia, glycoproteins and collagen secretion, and the formation of basement membrane