Musculoskeletal Physiology - Biomechanics
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Questions and Answers

What does biomechanics primarily focus on?

  • Fluid dynamics of the cardiovascular system
  • Nutritional physiology of muscles
  • Movements about joints (correct)
  • Chemical processes in muscle contraction

What aspect of movements is NOT typically included in kinematics measurements?

  • Muscle force generation (correct)
  • Angles
  • Types of movements about joints
  • Velocity

Which of the following best describes kinetics?

  • Investigation of muscle force production (correct)
  • Analysis of joint angles during movement
  • Monitoring of angular extent in movements
  • Study of distances moved in joint actions

Which of the following factors is least likely to be associated with the study of biomechanics?

<p>Muscle fiber type differentiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do measurements in kinematics typically include?

<p>The speed and direction of movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding movements about joints is true?

<p>They can be quantified in terms of joint pressures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of kinesiology within the study of biomechanics?

<p>It emphasizes mechanical descriptions of animal movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can movements about joints be described?

<p>Through angular extent and distances moved (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the force at the end of the lever arm?

<p>Moment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the moment arm (MA) be calculated according to the given example?

<p>By dividing the length of the force arm by the total length (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the impact force generated by the distal limb correlate to in humans?

<p>Foot force (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the principles of Newtonian mechanics, what must be considered alongside the foot force?

<p>Ground reaction force (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During normal walking, how much pressure is observed at full extension during heel strike?

<p>2-3 times body weight (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does walking downstairs have on knee pressure?

<p>It increases knee pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was measured in vivo in the study regarding knee replacement loading?

<p>Total knee replacement loading for level walking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the measurement of foot forces be expressed?

<p>As a percentage of body weight or in Newtons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of a type 1 lever in biomechanics?

<p>It can increase mechanical advantage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanical advantage (MA) does a type 3 lever with a lever arm of 0.05m and a load arm of 0.35m have?

<p>0.143 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true regarding isotonic shortening of the biceps brachii?

<p>It allows for a short contraction that results in rapid movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is mechanical advantage (MA) defined in biomechanics?

<p>Length of the lever arm divided by length of the load arm. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lever is characterized by always having a mechanical advantage of less than 1?

<p>Type 3 lever (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a biomechanical feature that utilizes leverage at the human knee?

<p>Patella (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences the amount of muscle force required for movement?

<p>The type of lever being utilized. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Force in biomechanics is measured in which unit?

<p>Newton (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did biomechanics play in the 20th century development of prosthetics?

<p>It grew from the need to develop prosthetics for injured servicemen post WW2. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the equation for calculating force due to gravity on an object?

<p>F(N) = mass(kg) x acceleration(m/s2) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the forces acting about joints be quantified?

<p>By applying weights to specific movements and using dynamometers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of long bones helps improve stability and reduce forces?

<p>Broader ends (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which types of joints allow for rotational movement?

<p>Rotational pivot joints like the elbow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is kinematics concerned with in biomechanics?

<p>Movement and angles about joints (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What instrument is typically used to measure angles in movements?

<p>Goniometer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is exemplified by the knee?

<p>Hinge joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biomechanics

The study of the mechanical principles of biological systems.

Kinematics

The study of motion, without considering the forces acting on the body. It involves describing the movement of the body in terms of distance, angles, speed, and acceleration.

Kinetics

The study of forces that cause movement and the effects of these forces on the body.

Kinesiology

The branch of biomechanics that specifically focuses on the movements of humans.

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Angles

Changes in joint angles, typically measured in units of degrees.

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Muscle Force Generation

The study of how forces are generated by muscles and how these forces cause movement.

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Foot & Ground Reaction Force

The force exerted by the ground on a person's foot, crucial for understanding walking, running, and jumping.

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Joint Pressures

The pressure exerted on the surfaces within a joint, important for understanding joint health and injury.

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What is the stress our bodies experience even when lying down?

The force exerted by the weight of our body due to gravity, even when we're resting. This force adds stress to our tissues and joints.

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What's kinetics?

The relationship between forces and motion. This involves studying how forces cause movement, like pushing a door or lifting a weight.

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What's kinematics?

The study of motion itself, without considering the forces that cause it.

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How does joint shape affect force distribution?

The way a joint is shaped can affect the pressure and stresses within it. Wider ends, like those in long bones, distribute force more evenly.

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Give some examples of types of movement?

Examples include the hinge at the knee, the ball and socket at the hip, the pivot joint at the elbow, the saddle joint of the thumb, and the mortise and tenon of the ankle.

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What's a goniometer?

An instrument used to measure angles, which are important for describing joint movements.

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What are dynamometers?

They are used in biomechanics to quantify the forces acting on our body during different movements. They can be used to measure muscle strength and endurance.

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Type 1 Lever

A system of levers where the force applied is between the fulcrum and the load, resulting in increased mechanical advantage and greater force production, but smaller movement.

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Type 2 Lever

A system of levers where the load is between the fulcrum and the force, resulting in increased mechanical advantage and faster movement due to the longer lever arm.

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Type 3 Lever

A system of levers where the force is applied closer to the fulcrum, leading to a smaller mechanical advantage, but enabling faster and larger movements.

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Mechanical Advantage (MA)

The ratio of the lever arm to the load arm, indicating the mechanical advantage of a lever system. A higher mechanical advantage means less force is required to move the same load.

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Lever Arm (IMA)

The distance between the fulcrum and the point where the muscle force is applied.

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Load Arm (EMA)

The distance between the fulcrum and the point where the load is applied.

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Muscle Force

The force exerted by a muscle to cause movement, measured in Newtons.

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Moment (Lever Arm Force)

The force applied at the end of a lever arm, also known as moment, can be calculated by dividing the length of the lever arm by the distance from the fulcrum to the force.

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Ground Reaction Force

The force exerted by the ground on your foot when you walk or run, it is equal and opposite to the force you apply on the ground.

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Foot Force

The force generated by the impact of your foot hitting the ground, measured using plate transducers.

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Foot Force Measurement

The measurement of foot force, usually expressed as a percentage of body weight or in Newtons.

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Plate Transducer

A specialized device used to measure the force exerted by your foot when you walk or run.

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Knee Pressure During Walking

The pressure exerted on the knee joint during normal walking, typically 2-3 times your body weight.

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Increased Knee Pressure During High Impact

The pressure on the knee joint can significantly increase during activities like walking downstairs or jumping, compared to normal walking.

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Study Notes

Musculoskeletal Physiology - Biomechanics

  • This course covers the biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system, focusing on how movements are measured and forces are generated.
  • The course will include the study of introductory concepts, measuring movements (kinematics), and measuring force and speed (kinetics).
  • Kinematics examines the types of movements around joints, angles, and lever systems.
  • Kinetics investigates muscle force generation, ground reaction forces, and joint pressures.
  • Biomechanics applies engineering principles to understand how the human body functions, particularly regarding joint movements.
  • Biomechanics also considers the cardiovascular system, but primarily focuses on joint movements.
  • Measurement of movement involves using goniometers to measure angles.
  • Levers are a key concept, with three types (first, second, and third class) categorized by the positioning of the load, fulcrum, and force.
  • Types of movements at joints include hinge, ball-and-socket, pivot, saddle, and mortise-tenon joints.
  • Forces of movement, such as those related to body weight, can be measured in the laboratory.
  • The force exerted on a joint is also affected by shape, where broad ends help reduce forces.

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Biomechanics - BIOS 3100 Musculoskeletal Physiology AHW 2024 PDF

Description

Explore the biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system, focusing on kinematics and kinetics. This quiz covers introductory concepts, measurements of movement, and how forces are generated during joint movements. Understand the principles of levers and the applications in human body mechanics.

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