Musculoskeletal Issues and Treatments
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary risk factor for elderly women regarding falls?

  • Osteoporosis (correct)
  • Impaired vision
  • Dehydration
  • Lack of exercise

    • Which of the following defines a sprain?

  • A muscle injury caused by overuse
  • Inflammation of a bursa
  • Injury to a muscle resulting in swelling
  • A sudden twist or wrench of a joint causing ligament damage (correct)

    • What should a pharmacist do if a patient presents with spontaneous bruising?

  • Consider possible underlying conditions (correct)
  • Advise the patient to rest and apply ice
  • Rule out common minor injuries
  • Suggest over-the-counter pain relief

    • What is the main treatment approach for sprains and strains?

    <p>Early mobilization and strengthening exercises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bursitis?

    <p>Reduced friction during movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common condition involves a stiff and painful shoulder?

    <p>Frozen shoulder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of muscle pain after strenuous activity?

    <p>Delayed onset soreness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred initial action when dealing with head injury pain?

    <p>Refer for further investigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential effect of high doses of codeine?

    <p>Respiratory depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of glucosamine sulphate in relation to cartilage?

    <p>It stimulates cartilage production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should products containing caffeine be avoided near bedtime?

    <p>They have stimulant effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason for the high placebo response to topical analgesic products?

    <p>The massaging action increases blood flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is NOT part of the RICE acronym for treating sprains and strains?

    <p>Elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main aim of applying compression immediately after a soft tissue injury?

    <p>To prevent swelling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sensation does menthol produce when applied as a topical analgesic?

    <p>A feeling of coolness followed by warmth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk associated with using Capsaicin preparations?

    <p>Transferring the substance to the eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is it appropriate to apply heat to an injured area?

    <p>After the acute phase has passed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following topical agents should be used with caution in patients with asthma?

    <p>Topical NSAIDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions should be taken if intense irritation occurs after using a topical analgesic?

    <p>Discontinue use of the product.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does good posture play in preventing recurrent back pain?

    <p>It reduces the chances of injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heparinoid and hyaluronidase are primarily used to treat which condition?

    <p>Swelling and bruising</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common component of topical analgesics?

    <p>Gemcitabine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a beneficial effect of heat application after the acute phase of an injury?

    <p>It decreases muscle stiffness and pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure is NOT recommended to maintain a safe use of topical analgesics?

    <p>Apply on broken skin for quick relief.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the internationally accepted measure for obesity?

    <p>Body Mass Index (BMI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which BMI value classifies an individual as obese?

    <p>Over 30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect can a weight loss of 5 to 10 kg have on diabetes-related mortality?

    <p>40-50% fall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of medication is primarily recommended for musculoskeletal pain?

    <p>NSAIDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical conditions can potentially lead to weight gain?

    <p>Hypothyroidism and renal stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration when prescribing pain medication to elderly patients?

    <p>Risk of falls due to side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended use for orlistat 60 mg capsules?

    <p>In conjunction with a low-calorie, low-fat diet and exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a pharmacist inquire about if an elderly patient reports falls?

    <p>Current medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication requires adjustment of doses if a patient loses weight?

    <p>Antiepileptic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a patient experiencing pain return to their doctor?

    <p>After 5 days of treatment without improvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of paracetamol?

    <p>Analgesic and antipyretic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect on blood pressure from a weight loss of 5 to 10 kg?

    <p>10 mm Hg fall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary contributor to obesity for most individuals?

    <p>Imbalance between energy intake and expenditure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions typically requires a referral back to the doctor?

    <p>Suspected fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of self-treatment should be evaluated for effectiveness?

    <p>Topical analgesics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a possible adverse effect from medication in elderly patients?

    <p>Fall risk and confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common characteristic of shoulder pain in older patients?

    <p>It may radiate to the arm and worsen at night.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered if NSAIDs fail to alleviate shoulder pain after 5 days?

    <p>Refer for alternative treatment and physiotherapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically associated with joint pain caused by arthritis?

    <p>Difficulty breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of lower back pain after physical activities such as gardening?

    <p>Muscle strain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a patient do if lower back pain is more severe and radiates down the legs?

    <p>Refer to a doctor for assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable feature of repetitive strain disorder?

    <p>It occurs due to prolonged static hand positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom might suggest a kidney problem when experiencing back pain in the loin area?

    <p>Frequent urination with discomfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT recommended for simple low back pain management?

    <p>Engaging in bed rest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Musculoskeletal Problems

    • Pharmacists often advise on muscular injuries, sprains, and strains. OTC treatments can be helpful.
    • Age: Falls are more likely to cause fractures in the elderly, especially for women with osteoporosis. Referral to a doctor is advised.
    • Symptoms/History: Injuries often occur during falls, physical activity (lifting, sports), or trauma. The pharmacist needs detailed information about how the injury happened.

    Sprains and Strains

    • Tendons connect muscle to bone, while ligaments connect bone to bone.
    • Sprains: Sudden twisting or wrenching of a joint, stretching or tearing ligaments.
    • Strains: Muscle injury, often from overuse, causing swelling and pain.
    • Early mobilization, strengthening, and coordinating exercises are crucial for recovery. A gradual return to full activity is important.

    Muscle Pain

    • Muscle stiffness and pain can arise from strenuous activities like gardening or exercise.
    • OTC medicines can help reduce discomfort.

    Bruising

    • Bruising (Plate 40) is common after injury. Bruising without apparent injury could suggest a serious condition. This warrants pharmacist attention.
    • Conditions like thrombocytopenia or leukemia can cause spontaneous bruising. Drug reactions can also cause bruising.

    Head Injury

    • Head pain warrants suspicion and referral for further investigation, particularly in children.

    Bursitis

    • Bursae reduce friction during joint movement.
    • Joint swelling and pain are common symptoms.

    Frozen Shoulder

    • Stiff and painful shoulder is prevalent in older patients.
    • Pain may radiate to the arm, often worse at night.

    Joint Pain (Arthralgia)

    • Joint pain could stem from arthritis, a common cause with numerous origins.
    • Symptoms might include swelling, inflammation, stiffness, limited movement, or deformity.
    • Referral to a doctor is needed for proper diagnosis and treatment.

    Back Pain

    • Causes often include muscle or soft tissue strain (e.g. ligaments, tendons).
    • Mild back pain after activities like gardening, heavy lifting, or bending is often manageable through pharmacist advice.
    • Severe pain radiating from the back down one or both legs may indicate sciatica.
    • Referral to the doctor for severe or persistent back pain is necessary.
    • Kidney pain in the loin area, pain upon urination, or altered urine color suggests kidney concerns and requires medical evaluation.

    Medications and Treatment

    • General Treatment Timescale: Musculoskeletal conditions typically respond within a few days. Maximum 5 days treatment, then see a doctor.
    • Caution: Orlistat, ibuprofen, and other NSAIDs shouldn't be used in certain circumstances, including pregnancy, certain medical conditions, or allergies.
    • Side Effects: Falls, adverse reactions, indigestion, bleeding issues, and other side effects can occur with various treatments. The individual should be cautious.
    • Self medicating: Always consult a pharmacist regarding self treatment procedures.

    Head Injury

    Pain from head injury warrants suspicion and referral to a doctor, especially in children.

    Further Treatment

    • Ice, compression, elevation (RICE) can reduce swelling.
    • OTC analgesics (ibuprofen, paracetamol, aspirin) are common treatments.
    • Heat therapy can reduce pain when used properly (delayed use after immediate injury).
    • Medications should be used as directed and side effects should be monitored.
    • Physical therapy can help with recovery.
    • Repetitive Strain Disorder: Prolonged repetitive hand motions can lead to chronic upper limb pain syndrome.
    • Paracetamol: Analgesic and antipyretic, but not anti-inflammatory; safe for those who can't use aspirin; caution against high doses.
    • Aspirin: More irritating to the stomach, not suitable for children under 16 or those with peptic ulcers and bleeding histories; requires caution for allergies.
    • Codeine and Dihydrocodeine: Narcotic analgesics; possible side effects include constipation and drowsiness.
    • Caffeine: found in some combination pain relief products. Not recommended around bedtime due to stimulant effects.
    • Topical Analgesics: like methyl salicylate or menthol, can relieve local pain.
    • Heparinoid-Hyaluronidase: reduce swelling; used in bruises, sprains, and strains.
    • Glucosamine and Chondroitin: potential benefits in treating osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms.

    Weight Loss and BMI

    • Obesity is a major health concern, particularly in developed countries.
    • BMI (body mass index) is the internationally accepted measure of obesity.
    • BMI over 25 is considered overweight, 30 is obese.
    • Factors contributing to weight gain include imbalance between energy intake and output, genetics, underlying medical conditions and certain medications.

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    Musculoskeletal Problems PDF

    Description

    Explore the significance of understanding musculoskeletal problems, including sprains, strains, and muscle pain. Learn about treatment options, preventive measures, and the importance of proper recovery methods to enhance mobility. This quiz is essential for anyone involved in health or pharmacy.

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