Podcast
Questions and Answers
To ascend stairs, you first step with the stronger leg, move the ______ to the next step, then move the weaker leg.
To ascend stairs, you first step with the stronger leg, move the ______ to the next step, then move the weaker leg.
cane
In descending stairs, always lead with the ______, bringing the weaker leg down next.
In descending stairs, always lead with the ______, bringing the weaker leg down next.
cane
The 5 P's of fractures include pain, pallor, pulselessness, polar (cold), and ______.
The 5 P's of fractures include pain, pallor, pulselessness, polar (cold), and ______.
paresthesia
A ______ fracture occurs when the bone breaks in pieces and moves out of alignment.
A ______ fracture occurs when the bone breaks in pieces and moves out of alignment.
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In Buck's traction, it's important that weights hang freely and do ______ touch the floor.
In Buck's traction, it's important that weights hang freely and do ______ touch the floor.
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To relieve itch under a cast, you can use cool air from a ______.
To relieve itch under a cast, you can use cool air from a ______.
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After a hip fracture, it is essential to monitor for signs and symptoms of ______.
After a hip fracture, it is essential to monitor for signs and symptoms of ______.
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Thromboembolism is the most common complication following a hip fracture; prevention includes passive ______ exercises.
Thromboembolism is the most common complication following a hip fracture; prevention includes passive ______ exercises.
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In cases of leg injury, the affected leg should be positioned in ______ to prevent dislocation.
In cases of leg injury, the affected leg should be positioned in ______ to prevent dislocation.
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An ______ fracture is characterized by the bone being broken at an angle.
An ______ fracture is characterized by the bone being broken at an angle.
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Study Notes
Musculoskeletal/Ortho
- Ascending Stairs: Step with stronger leg, move cane to next step, then weaker leg.
- Descending Stairs: Lead with cane, weaker leg down, then stronger leg. (Remember: Up with good leg, down with bad leg).
- Walking Cane: Cane moves before weaker leg.
Types of Fractures
- Displaced: Bone breaks into pieces and shifts.
- Non-Displaced: Bone breaks but stays aligned.
- Open (Compound): Bone pierces the skin.
- Closed (Simple): Skin is not broken.
- Comminuted: Bone breaks into multiple pieces.
- Complete: Break across entire bone.
- Incomplete: Break not across entire bone.
- Oblique: Broken at an angle.
- Compression: Bones are crushed.
- Transverse: Broken in a straight line.
- Segmental: Broken in at least two places.
- Spiral: Fracture spirals around the bone.
- Greenstick: Bone breaks on one side and bends on the other (common in children).
5 P's of Fractures
- Pain
- Pallor (pale)
- Pulselessness
- Polar (cold)
- Paresthesia (numbness/tingling)
Casts
- Do not insert anything under a cast. Allow 24-72 hours for drying.
- For itching, use cool air from a blow dryer.
Hip Fractures
- Monitor for signs of hemorrhage.
- Prevent thromboembolism (blood clots) through passive ROM exercises, elevate foot of bed 25 degrees, elastic stockings.
- Avoid internal and external rotation of more than 60 degrees. Avoid weight bearing on the affected leg.
- Avoid crossing legs. Monitor neurovascular status (skin color, sensation, cap refill, temperature, and movement) of injury site.
Other Information
- Buck's Traction: Maintains proper alignment, weights are not touching floor. Do not remove or lift weights without a doctor's order.
- Osteoporosis: Bones become weak and brittle. Risk factors: postmenopausal, thin, white women. Encourage high calcium diet, weight-bearing exercise, supplements (calcium & Vitamin D).
- Osteomyelitis: Infectious bone disease. Needs blood cultures and antibiotics and possible surgery to drain abscesses.
- Gout: High uric acid in body. Crystals form in joints. Low purine diet (avoid: sugar, organ meats, alcohol, yeast) and high fluid intake, NSAIDs, corticosteroids, rest are needed.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: Autoimmune, inflammatory disease affecting joints. Pain and stiffness are priorities, avoid exercising swollen joints. Assessment includes strength testing, palpation, and inspection. Avoid weight on inflamed joints, rest, PT, OT. Treat with corticosteroids and possibly immobilization/splinting. NSAIDs for pain. Diagnosed with blood tests.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts related to musculoskeletal disorders, particularly focusing on fracture types and their characteristics. It also includes guidelines for using a walking cane, especially when navigating stairs. Test your knowledge on the 5 P's of fractures and enhance your understanding of orthopedic care.
