Podcast
Questions and Answers
How many groups should students form when examining children?
How many groups should students form when examining children?
What guidelines should students use during the examination?
What guidelines should students use during the examination?
Which is not listed as an age category for physical examination?
Which is not listed as an age category for physical examination?
What is one of the specific techniques similar to adult examinations?
What is one of the specific techniques similar to adult examinations?
Signup and view all the answers
Which approach differs when examining children compared to adults?
Which approach differs when examining children compared to adults?
Signup and view all the answers
What are Ortolani's and Barlow's signs used to assess?
What are Ortolani's and Barlow's signs used to assess?
Signup and view all the answers
Which musculoskeletal detail is assessed for deformity, symmetry, edema, and clubbing?
Which musculoskeletal detail is assessed for deformity, symmetry, edema, and clubbing?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be avoided when assessing hernias in the genito urinary tract?
What should be avoided when assessing hernias in the genito urinary tract?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition is frequently seen under 2 years of age and will spontaneously resolve?
What condition is frequently seen under 2 years of age and will spontaneously resolve?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following details is NOT assessed in the musculoskeletal system?
Which of the following details is NOT assessed in the musculoskeletal system?
Signup and view all the answers
Most cases of which condition will spontaneously descend by several months of life?
Most cases of which condition will spontaneously descend by several months of life?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be examined to check for a high arched condition?
What should be examined to check for a high arched condition?
Signup and view all the answers
What is not assessed when examining visual acuity?
What is not assessed when examining visual acuity?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes a normal characteristic of the tympanic membrane (TM)?
Which of the following describes a normal characteristic of the tympanic membrane (TM)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the ear is associated with the position of the pinna?
Which part of the ear is associated with the position of the pinna?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be evaluated to detect caries?
What should be evaluated to detect caries?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one tip to help keep a child calm during a pediatric physical exam?
What is one tip to help keep a child calm during a pediatric physical exam?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be avoided to ensure a more comfortable pediatric exam?
What should be avoided to ensure a more comfortable pediatric exam?
Signup and view all the answers
What is suggested when examining a child who is between 6 months and 2 years old?
What is suggested when examining a child who is between 6 months and 2 years old?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key to success in a pediatric physical exam?
What is a key to success in a pediatric physical exam?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it helpful to show the child what you plan to do during the exam?
Why is it helpful to show the child what you plan to do during the exam?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the typical respiratory rate for a school-age child (6-12 years)?
What is the typical respiratory rate for a school-age child (6-12 years)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which age group has a heart rate range of 60-100 beats per minute?
Which age group has a heart rate range of 60-100 beats per minute?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a cardinal principle of physical examination?
Which of the following is NOT a cardinal principle of physical examination?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the heart rate range for toddlers (1-3 years)?
What is the heart rate range for toddlers (1-3 years)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the correct respiratory rate range for an infant (birth-1 year)?
What is the correct respiratory rate range for an infant (birth-1 year)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is indicated by a short neck in infancy?
What is indicated by a short neck in infancy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which finding is associated with meningitis involving the neck?
Which finding is associated with meningitis involving the neck?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is NOT a common feature examined in the spine?
Which condition is NOT a common feature examined in the spine?
Signup and view all the answers
What characteristic is used to describe lymph nodes in a physical examination?
What characteristic is used to describe lymph nodes in a physical examination?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be screened for at all ages, especially before puberty?
What should be screened for at all ages, especially before puberty?
Signup and view all the answers
What should always be prominently displayed by healthcare workers in the hospital?
What should always be prominently displayed by healthcare workers in the hospital?
Signup and view all the answers
Before examining a child, whose permission should be sought?
Before examining a child, whose permission should be sought?
Signup and view all the answers
What should take precedence over any personal learning objective during a child's examination?
What should take precedence over any personal learning objective during a child's examination?
Signup and view all the answers
In what order should the examination be conducted?
In what order should the examination be conducted?
Signup and view all the answers
What is important to maintain when communicating with the child during an examination?
What is important to maintain when communicating with the child during an examination?
Signup and view all the answers
How can understanding developmental stages impact the clinical examination?
How can understanding developmental stages impact the clinical examination?
Signup and view all the answers
At what age should an infant be measured standing instead of supine?
At what age should an infant be measured standing instead of supine?
Signup and view all the answers
Which parameter is not listed under Vital Signs?
Which parameter is not listed under Vital Signs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which measurement is recorded with percentiles on a chart?
Which measurement is recorded with percentiles on a chart?
Signup and view all the answers
Which anatomical area is not included in the Physical Examination list?
Which anatomical area is not included in the Physical Examination list?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor affects both pulse and respiratory rate?
Which factor affects both pulse and respiratory rate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is measured in kilograms for growth parameters?
What is measured in kilograms for growth parameters?
Signup and view all the answers
Which skin condition is described by cyanosis?
Which skin condition is described by cyanosis?
Signup and view all the answers
What term describes a head shape with an abnormally long and narrow shape?
What term describes a head shape with an abnormally long and narrow shape?
Signup and view all the answers
At what age should head circumference be plotted on a growth chart according to the parameters provided?
At what age should head circumference be plotted on a growth chart according to the parameters provided?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a type of head shape mentioned in the list?
Which of the following is NOT a type of head shape mentioned in the list?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a cardinal principle of physical examination?
Which of the following is NOT a cardinal principle of physical examination?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the condition where the distance between the caruncles is greater than the length of an eye?
What is the term for the condition where the distance between the caruncles is greater than the length of an eye?
Signup and view all the answers
What is indicated by a cranial perimeter at birth that is smaller than 34 cm minus 2 standard deviations?
What is indicated by a cranial perimeter at birth that is smaller than 34 cm minus 2 standard deviations?
Signup and view all the answers
Which anatomical feature is used to describe the term 'philtrum pillars'?
Which anatomical feature is used to describe the term 'philtrum pillars'?
Signup and view all the answers
What does an upward slanting palpebral fissure with an angle greater than 10° indicate?
What does an upward slanting palpebral fissure with an angle greater than 10° indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is NOT included under the inspection aspects of physical examination?
What is NOT included under the inspection aspects of physical examination?
Signup and view all the answers
Where does the external auditory canal belong anatomically?
Where does the external auditory canal belong anatomically?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the correct description for retrognatism?
What is the correct description for retrognatism?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Musculoskeletal Assessment
- Gait, symmetry, bulk and tone, strength, range of motion, dyskinetic movements, joint mechanics, and joint swellings and noise are important aspects to evaluate.
Musculoskeletal Details
Back
- Sacral dimple, kyphosis, lordosis, or scoliosis should be checked.
Joints
- Evaluate motion, stability, swelling, and tenderness.
Muscles
- Assess muscle development and tone.
Extremities
- Look for deformity, symmetry, edema, and clubbing.
Gait
- Evaluate in-toeing, out-toeing, bow legs, knock knees, and limping.
Hips
- Perform Ortolani's and Barlow's signs.
Genito Urinary Tract Assessment
External Genitalia
- Inspect external genitalia.
Hernias and Hydrocoeles
- Check for indirect hernias and gently palpate without poking the inguinal canal.
Cryptorchidism
- Distinguish from hyper-retractile testis and note that most cases resolve spontaneously by several months of life.
Tanner Staging
- Use Tanner staging handouts for adolescents.
Rectal and Pelvic Exam
- Only perform when indicated.
Physical Examination
- Examine in groups of 2 using written guidelines.
- Prioritize examination, especially for children who may go home quickly.
Physical Examination Techniques
- Use techniques similar to adults: inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.
- Approach and order may differ.
Eyes
- Evaluate symmetry, swelling, lesions, discoloration, lids, epicanthic folds, sclera, pupils, visual acuity, and direct and consensual reflexes.
Ears
- Assess position of the pinna, EAC exam, TM exam, and landmarks like the malleus handle.
Oropharynx
- Evaluate dentition, mucous membranes, enanthems, tongue, palate/uvula, tonsils, and posterior pharynx.
Tips for a Successful Paediatric Physical Exam
- Be friendly, prepared, and patient.
- Use games, distractions, and explanations to comfort the child.
- Be gentle, respectful, and honest.
Be Observant and Make the Best of Unexpected Opportunities
- Position the child appropriately for the examination.
Physical Examination
- Follow the cardinal principles: inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.
Pediatric Respiratory and Heart Rates
- Know the normal respiratory rates for different ages:
- Infant (birth-1 year): 30-60 breaths/minute
- Toddler (1-3 years): 24-40 breaths/minute
- Preschooler (3-6 years): 22-34 breaths/minute
- School-age (6-12 years): 18-25 breaths/minute
- Adolescent (12-18 years): 12-16 breaths/minute
- Know the normal heart rates for different ages:
- Infant (birth-1 year): 100-160 beats/minute
- Toddler (1-3 years): 90-150 beats/minute
- Preschooler (3-6 years): 80-140 beats/minute
- School-age (6-12 years): 70-120 beats/minute
- Adolescent (12-18 years): 60-100 beats/minute
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on musculoskeletal assessment, including gait, symmetry, joint mechanics, and more. Evaluate your understanding of back, joints, muscles, and extremities.
