Muscular System Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the medical prefix for muscle?

my(o)

What is the study of muscles called?

Myology (correct)

Myositis

Myocarditis

What is a myocardium?

Inflammation of muscle tissue

Muscle tissue

Heart muscle (correct)

What is myositis?

Inflammation of voluntary muscle tissue Signup and view all the answers

What are the three functions of muscles?

They support the body, they permit movement, they produce body heat. Signup and view all the answers

What are muscle tissue cells called?

Fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the fibrous membrane sheath called that encloses bundles of muscle fibers?

Fascia Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the combining form 'fasci/o'?

Fascia (sheaths enveloping muscles) Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the combining form 'myocardi/o'?

Heart muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for the surgical repair of fascia?

Fascioplasty Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition that involves pain in the connective tissues of muscles?

Fibromyalgia Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for pain in the muscles?

Myalgia Signup and view all the answers

What does 'myocardial' mean?

Pertaining to heart muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for pain in the tendon?

Tenodynia Signup and view all the answers

What does 'tendonitis' mean?

Inflammation of the tendon Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the prefix 'bi-'?

Two Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'myopathy' refer to?

Any disease of the skeletal muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is myelomalacia?

Muscle softening Signup and view all the answers

What is myoatrophy?

Muscle wasting Signup and view all the answers

What is myosclerosis?

Muscle hardening Signup and view all the answers

What does an electromyogram record?

The electrical activity of skeletal muscles through surface or needle electrodes. Signup and view all the answers

What does range of motion testing evaluate?

Joint mobility and muscle strength Signup and view all the answers

What is computed tomography scanning used for?

To produce images based on X-rays passing through the body at different angles Signup and view all the answers

What is magnetic resonance imaging used for?

To produce images of internal structures based on the hydrogen content of body tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is a sprain?

A complete or incomplete tear in the supporting ligaments surrounding a joint Signup and view all the answers

What is epicondylitis?

An inflammation of tendons in the forearm at their attachment to the humerus Signup and view all the answers

What is tendinitis?

A painful inflammation of tendons Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the word myalgia?

Pain of muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the word myoatrophy?

Muscle wasting Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the word electromyography?

Record electrical activity of muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the word tendinitis?

Inflammation of tendons Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the word epicondylitis?

Inflammation of tendons in the forearm Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muscular System

Objectives: This chapter covers terminology related to muscle structure and function, terminology for physical examination of muscles, tests for diagnosing muscular disorders, and disorders of the muscular system.

Muscle Structure and Function

Key to Terminology: Knowing the medical prefix for muscle (myo-) from the Greek word for muscle (mys) is essential. Combining this prefix with other words creates terms like myology (muscle study), myocardium (heart muscle), and myositis (inflammation of voluntary muscles).
Muscle Functions: Muscles have three main functions: supporting the body, enabling movement, and generating body heat. They are also crucial components of internal organs (e.g., heart, lungs, uterus, intestines).

Muscle Makeup

Muscle Fibers: Muscle tissue cells are often long, slender, and thread-like, which are called muscle fibers
Fascia: Connective tissue bundles, encloses muscle fibers together.

Terminology: Combining Forms

Combining Form	Meaning	Terminology	Meaning
Fasci/o	Fascia (sheaths enveloping muscles)	fascioplasty	Surgical repair of the fascia
Fibr/o	Fibrous connective tissue	fibromyalgia	Pain in connective tissues & muscles
My/o	Muscle	myalgia	Pain in the muscles
Myocardi/o	Heart muscle	myocardial	Pertaining to heart muscle
Ten/o	Tendon	tenodynia	Pain in the tendon

Prefixes

Prefix	Meaning	Terminology	Meaning
Bi-	Two	biceps	Muscles with two heads
Dys-	Pain	dyskinesia	Pain in movement
Tri-	Three	triceps	Muscles with three heads
Poly-	Many	polymyositis	Inflammation in many muscles
Ton/o	Tendon	hypotonia	Decreased muscle tone
Tendon/o	Tendon	tendonitis	Inflammation of the tendon

Muscular Disorders

Myopathy: Any disease of skeletal muscles.
Myoclonus: A spasm of a muscle; sudden, brief, involuntary twitching or jerking of a muscle or group of muscles. (myo- muscle; clonus spasm)
Myelomalacia: Muscle softening, a rare condition that leads to spinal cord softening. (myelo- spinal cord; malakia softening)
Myoatrophy (Muscle Wasting): Shrinking of muscles due to inactivity, illness, or injury.
Myosclerosis: Muscle hardening.
Myobradia: Slow reaction time of a muscle to a stimulus, likely due to tissue damage or death.

Diagnostic Procedures

Electromyography (EMG): Records the electrical activity of skeletal muscles using needle or surface electrodes; helps detect neuromuscular issues.
Range of Motion Testing: Evaluates the range of joint mobility and muscle strength.
CT Scan: Uses multiple X-rays at different angles to image body structures.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Uses a powerful magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of body tissues; useful for diagnosing muscle disease.

Injuries

Sprain: Complete or incomplete tear of ligaments surrounding a joint.
Strain: Injury to a muscle or tendinous attachment.
Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow): Inflammation of tendons in the forearm at their attachment to the humerus.
Tendinitis: Painful inflammation of tendons; inflammation can affect any muscle or tendon.

Terminology Definitions (from Exercises)

Myalgia: Pain in muscles.
Myoatrophy: Muscle wasting.
Myobradia: Slow reaction of muscle.
Electromyography: Recording electrical activity of a muscle.
Tendinitis: Inflammation of tendons.
Epicondylitis: Inflammation of tendons in the forearm.

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Description

Explore the terminology and structure of the muscular system in this quiz. Learn about muscle functions, fiber types, and disorders associated with the muscular system. This quiz is essential for understanding how muscles support movement and maintain body heat.