Muscular Dystrophy Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of muscular dystrophy?

  • Nutritional deficiencies
  • Environmental factors
  • Genetic anomalies (correct)
  • Viral infections

Which of the following is NOT a common complication of muscular dystrophy?

  • Postural deviations
  • Pressure injuries
  • Spasms/cramps
  • Muscle hypertrophy (correct)

What is the most severe form of muscular dystrophy?

  • Facioscapulohumeral MD
  • Duchenne MD (correct)
  • Becker MD
  • Myotonic MD

What is the best description of a spasm/cramp?

<p>Involuntary contraction of skeletal muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common contributing factor to spasms/cramps in athletes?

<p>Dehydration or electrolyte imbalance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best description of a strain?

<p>An injury involving the tearing of myofibers and production of scar tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cancer originates in bone tissue?

<p>Osteosarcoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is most likely to develop osteosarcoma?

<p>Adolescents and young adults (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of myofascial pain syndrome?

<p>Taut bands or nodules with a predictable trigger point map (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of trigger points developing in myofascial pain syndrome?

<p>Micro-injuries leading to a pain-spasm cycle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does myofascial pain syndrome differ from fibromyalgia?

<p>Myofascial pain syndrome is localized, while fibromyalgia is widespread (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor contributing to the development of thoracic outlet syndrome?

<p>Repetitive movements with the arms and shoulders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of acute pain associated with bunions?

<p>Footwear that squeezes the toes or forces weight onto the medial aspect of the foot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely cause of the majority of bunions?

<p>Footwear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom associated with bunions?

<p>Muscle weakness in the lower extremity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key feature of thoracic outlet syndrome?

<p>Neurovascular entrapment of the brachial plexus and blood vessels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial stage of a frozen shoulder characterized by?

<p>Severe and slowly progressing pain in one shoulder at night (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely complication an adult with a Baker cyst may experience?

<p>Joint problems like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, gout, or knee injuries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most serious complication that can occur as a result of a Baker cyst?

<p>Possible for the cyst to impede flow through the lesser saphenous vein causing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or thrombophlebitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group and diet are most likely to develop gout?

<p>Men aged 40-50 years with a 'rich' diet high in purines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most frequent location to develop gout?

<p>Feet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best description of the pain associated with gout?

<p>Sudden onset of swelling, hot, red, and shiny joint with possible fever (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a subluxation and a dislocation?

<p>Subluxation: Bones are out of optimal alignment. Dislocation: Articulating bones don't touch. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is gout related to renal function?

<p>Hyperuricemia, a condition associated with gout, can lead to kidney stones and renal failure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an effective precaution against contracting Lyme disease?

<p>Wearing long sleeves and pants when outdoors in high tick infested areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best description of osteoarthritis?

<p>A condition in which the synovial joints lose healthy cartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is likely to lead to osteoarthritis?

<p>Wear and tear, biomechanical factors, consequences of inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis?

<p>Deep pain, stiffness, possible crepitus and may be triggered by the weather (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes patellofemoral pain syndrome?

<p>A group of conditions in which the patellar cartilage becomes irritated, affects the tracking of the patella, may also be a precursor to osteoarthritis of the knee (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors commonly contribute to patellofemoral pain syndrome?

<p>Overuse/overloading, poor alignment – exaggerated Q angle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is spondylolisthesis?

<p>A structural problem in the lumbar spine allows one or more vertebral bodies to slip anteriorly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure in the lumbar spine, if compromised and weak, can lead to spondylolisthesis?

<p>Pars interarticularis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of a hiatal hernia?

<p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of symptoms in Morton's neuroma?

<p>Compression of the common digital nerve by a connective tissue sheath (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a degeneration and irritation of collagen in the plantar fascia?

<p>Plantar fasciitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common factor associated with pes planus (flat feet)?

<p>Weakness in the tibialis posterior tendon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of a hernia if the entrapped structures become strangulated?

<p>Tissue necrosis and loss of blood supply (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with underlying diseases like muscular dystrophy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome?

<p>Pes cavus (high-arched feet) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom experienced by individuals with pes planus (flat feet) or pes cavus (high-arched feet)?

<p>Gait and movement compensations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common factor that can contribute to the development of plantar fasciitis?

<p>Bad footwear or being overweight (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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