64 Questions
What are the three types of muscle tissue and their characteristics?
Skeletal muscle tissue is attached to bones, striated, voluntary, and provides motion, maintenance of posture, and heat production. Cardiac muscle tissue forms most of the heart wall, is striated, usually involuntary, and provides motion for the heart. Smooth (visceral) muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow internal structures, nonstriated, usually involuntary, and provides motion for various internal structures such as constriction of blood vessels and airways.
What are the major cells of nervous tissue and their functions?
The major cells of nervous tissue are neurons (nerve cells) and neuroglia (protective and supporting cells). Neurons mediate perception and response, are sensitive to stimuli, convert stimuli into nerve impulses, and conduct nerve impulses to other neurons, muscle fibers, or glands. Neuroglia protect and support neurons, and are often the sites of tumors of the nervous system.
What is the structure of neurons?
Neurons consist of a cell body, dendrites, and axons. The cell body contains the nucleus and mitochondria. Dendrites receive electrical impulses and pass them to the cell body, while axons relay the impulse to another excitable cell.
Where is nervous tissue located and what is its function?
Nervous tissue is located throughout the body and is concentrated in the brain and spinal cord. Its function is to mediate perception and response, with neurons being sensitive to stimuli, converting stimuli into nerve impulses, and conducting nerve impulses to other neurons, muscle fibers, or glands. Neuroglia protect and support neurons, and are often the sites of tumors of the nervous system.
What are the four types of epithelial membranes?
The four types of epithelial membranes are cutaneous, mucous, serous, and synovial membranes.
What are the characteristics and functions of the mucous membrane?
The mucous membrane lines cavities that open to the exterior, such as the gastrointestinal tract. It consists of an epithelial layer with exocrine glands that secrete mucus and a connective tissue layer called the lamina propria that supports the epithelial layer.
Explain the nature of cancer and tissue response to injury.
Inflammation is the initial response to injury, attempting to control and limit the extent of damage and initiate repair and regenerative processes. Cancer arises from cells that have acquired a genetic abnormality or mutation, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and spread to other tissues or organs.
What are the signs of inflammation?
The four signs of inflammation are redness (erythema), swelling, local heat, and pain.
How does inflammation resolve itself?
Acute inflammation resolves itself, but chronic inflammation can persist and lead to disease states.
What are the characteristics and functions of the serous membrane?
The serous membrane lines body cavities that do not open directly to the exterior and covers the organs within the cavity. It consists of parietal and visceral portions and secretes a lubricating serous fluid that reduces friction between organs and the walls of the cavities.
What are the characteristics and functions of the synovial membrane?
The synovial membrane lines joint cavities, bursae, and tendon sheaths. It consists only of connective tissue and secretes a lubricating synovial fluid to reduce friction between movable joints and constantly exchanges water and nutrients with blood.
What are the effects of cancerous mutations on cells?
Cancerous mutations affect key proteins involved in controlling and regulating cell division, leading to abnormal cell division and accumulation of affected cells that are not capable of forming regular tissue.
What is the main function of smooth (visceral) muscle tissue?
Constriction of blood vessels and airways
Where is cardiac muscle tissue primarily found?
Heart wall
What is the function of neuroglia in nervous tissue?
Protect and support neurons
What is the structure of neurons?
Consist of a cell body, dendrites, and axons
Which type of epithelial membrane consists of an epithelial layer with exocrine glands and a connective tissue layer called the lamina propria?
Mucous membrane
What is the main function of serous membrane?
To secrete a lubricating serous fluid that reduces friction between organs and the walls of the cavities
What is the nature of cancer and its origin?
It arises from cells that have acquired a genetic abnormality or mutation
What is the initial response to injury, attempting to control and limit the extent of damage and initiate repair and regenerative processes?
Acute inflammation
What are the four signs of inflammation?
Redness, swelling, local heat, pain
What do cancerous mutations affect that leads to abnormal cell division?
Proteins involved in controlling and regulating cell division
What is the function of synovial membrane?
To secrete a lubricating synovial fluid to reduce friction between movable joints
What is the characteristic feature of mucous membrane?
Consists of an epithelial layer with exocrine glands
Which type of epithelial membrane consists of an epithelial layer with exocrine glands that secrete mucus and a connective tissue layer called the lamina propria?
Mucous membrane
What is the main function of the serous membrane?
Reducing friction between organs and the walls of the cavities
What is the distinguishing feature of the synovial membrane?
It lines joint cavities, bursae, and tendon sheaths
What is the initial response to injury in tissues?
Redness, swelling, local heat, and pain
What can chronic inflammation lead to?
Disease states
What is the main characteristic of cancerous mutations?
Uncontrolled cell growth and accumulation of affected cells
What is the main function of the synovial fluid secreted by the synovial membrane?
Reducing friction between movable joints
What is the source of cancerous mutations?
Genetic abnormality or mutation
Smooth (Visceral) Muscle Tissue is striated in nature?
False
Cardiac Muscle Tissue is primarily found in the walls of hollow internal structures?
False
Neuroglia are the main cells of nervous tissue?
True
Skeletal Muscle Tissue is usually involuntary?
False
Epithelial membranes consist of thick layers of cells that cover or line a part of the body
False
The cutaneous membrane is also known as the skin and consists of stratified keratinized squamous membranes
True
Mucous membrane lines body cavities that do not open directly to the exterior and covers the organs within the cavity
False
Serous membrane consists of parietal and visceral portions and secretes a lubricating serous fluid that reduces friction between organs and the walls of the cavities
True
Synovial membrane consists only of connective tissue
True
Inflammation is the initial response to injury and attempts to control and limit the extent of damage and initiate repair and regenerative processes
True
Chronic inflammation always resolves itself and does not lead to disease states
False
Cancer arises from cells that have not acquired any genetic abnormality or mutation
False
Smooth (Visceral) Muscle Tissue is ______ in nature
Nonstriated
Neurons (nerve cells) convert stimuli into ______ impulses
Nerve
Neuroglia protect and support ______
Neurons
Cardiac Muscle Tissue is primarily found in the walls of ______ internal structures
Hollow
Cutaneous membrane (skin): stratified keratinized squamous membranes on top of connective tissues; protects the body from pathogens and the external world
cutaneous
Mucous membrane (______): lines cavities that open to the exterior, such as the gastrointestinal tract; consists of an epithelial layer with exocrine glands that secrete mucus and a connective tissue layer called the lamina propria that supports the epithelial layer
mucosae
Serous membrane (______): lines body cavities that do not open directly to the exterior and covers the organs within the cavity; consists of parietal and visceral portions; secretes a lubricating serous fluid that reduces friction between organs and the walls of the cavities; forms double sheets of mesenteries that suspend the digestive organs in the abdominal cavity; derived from mesoderm and is a simple squamous layer
serosa
Lines joint cavities, bursae, and tendon sheaths; consists only of connective tissue; secretes a lubricating synovial fluid to reduce friction between movable joints and constantly exchanges water and nutrients with blood
Synovial membrane
Inflammation is the initial response to injury, attempting to control and limit the extent of damage and initiate repair and regenerative processes Four signs of inflammation: ______ (erythema), swelling, local heat, pain; possible fifth sign could be loss of some organ or tissue function
redness
Acute inflammation resolves itself, but chronic inflammation can persist and lead to disease states
acute
Cancer arises from cells that have acquired a ______ abnormality or mutation Mutated cells can become cancerous if they escape regulation signals and undergo uncontrolled cell growth, penetration into adjacent tissues, local blood vessel proliferation, and spread to other tissues or organs
genetic
Cancerous cells form ______ that take blood supply away from normal healthy cells and organs Cancerous mutations affect key proteins involved in controlling and regulating cell division, leading to abnormal cell division and accumulation of affected cells that are not capable of forming regular tissue
tumors
Match the following types of muscle tissue with their characteristics:
Skeletal Muscle Tissue = Attached to bones, striated, voluntary, provides motion, maintenance of posture, and heat production Cardiac Muscle Tissue = Forms most of the heart wall, striated, usually involuntary, provides motion for the heart Smooth (Visceral) Muscle Tissue = Found in the walls of hollow internal structures, nonstriated, usually involuntary, provides motion for various internal structures Nervous Tissue = Major cell: Neurons (nerve cells) and neuroglia, location: throughout the body and concentrated in the brain and spinal cord, function: mediates perception and response
Match the following components of neurons with their functions:
Cell body = Contains the nucleus and mitochondria Dendrites = Receive electrical impulses and pass them to the cell body Axons = Relay the impulse to another excitable cell Neuroglia = Protect and support neurons, and are often the sites of tumors of the nervous system
Match the following functions with their corresponding muscle tissue:
Provides motion, maintenance of posture, and heat production = Skeletal Muscle Tissue Provides motion for the heart = Cardiac Muscle Tissue Provides motion for various internal structures = Smooth (Visceral) Muscle Tissue Mediates perception and response = Nervous Tissue
Match the following descriptions with the correct type of muscle tissue:
Striated, usually involuntary, provides motion for the heart = Cardiac Muscle Tissue Nonstriated, usually involuntary, provides motion for various internal structures = Smooth (Visceral) Muscle Tissue Attached to bones, striated, voluntary, provides motion, maintenance of posture, and heat production = Skeletal Muscle Tissue Found in the walls of hollow internal structures, nonstriated, usually involuntary, provides motion for various internal structures = Smooth (Visceral) Muscle Tissue
Match the following types of epithelial membranes with their descriptions:
Cutaneous membrane (skin) = Stratified keratinized squamous membranes on top of connective tissues; protects the body from pathogens and the external world Mucous membrane (mucosae) = Lines cavities that open to the exterior, such as the gastrointestinal tract; consists of an epithelial layer with exocrine glands that secrete mucus and a connective tissue layer called the lamina propria that supports the epithelial layer Serous membrane (serosa) = Lines body cavities that do not open directly to the exterior and covers the organs within the cavity; consists of parietal and visceral portions; secretes a lubricating serous fluid that reduces friction between organs and the walls of the cavities; forms double sheets of mesenteries that suspend the digestive organs in the abdominal cavity; derived from mesoderm and is a simple squamous layer Synovial membrane = Lines joint cavities, bursae, and tendon sheaths; consists only of connective tissue; secretes a lubricating synovial fluid to reduce friction between movable joints and constantly exchanges water and nutrients with blood
Match the following signs of inflammation with their descriptions:
Redness (erythema) = One of the four signs of inflammation, indicating increased blood flow to the injured tissue through vasodilation, resulting in redness and local hyperthermia Swelling = One of the four signs of inflammation, caused by the movement of neutrophils, macrophages, and fluid from blood to interstitial tissue space, resulting in local edema or interstitial swelling Local heat = One of the four signs of inflammation, resulting from increased blood flow to the injured tissue through vasodilation Pain = One of the four signs of inflammation, caused by swollen tissues squeezing pain receptors
Match the following characteristics of cancerous cells with their effects:
Uncontrolled cell growth, penetration into adjacent tissues, local blood vessel proliferation, and spread to other tissues or organs = Effects of mutated cells becoming cancerous if they escape regulation signals Form tumors that take blood supply away from normal healthy cells and organs = Effects of cancerous cells forming tumors Abnormal cell division and accumulation of affected cells that are not capable of forming regular tissue = Effects of cancerous mutations affecting key proteins involved in controlling and regulating cell division Acquiring a genetic abnormality or mutation = Cause of cancer arising from cells
Match the following muscle tissues with their characteristics:
Cardiac Muscle Tissue = Primarily found in the walls of hollow internal structures Skeletal Muscle Tissue = Usually voluntary and responsible for movement Smooth (Visceral) Muscle Tissue = Involuntary and found in the walls of hollow internal structures and blood vessels Neuroglia = Main cells of nervous tissue responsible for supporting and protecting neurons
Test your knowledge of the different types of muscle tissue with this quiz. Explore the characteristics and functions of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth (visceral) muscle tissue. Gain insights into their unique features and roles in the body.
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