Questions and Answers
What is the main function of muscles?
Use ATP to generate force, responsible for body movements, contain myofilaments (actin and myosin).
Which of the following are types of muscle tissue?
Describe skeletal tissue.
Long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with obvious striations.
Where is cardiac tissue located?
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What is the function of smooth muscle tissue?
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Which of the following are functions of muscle tissue? (Select all that apply)
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What components are contained in skeletal muscle?
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Match the connective tissue sheaths with their descriptions:
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What is the origin of a muscle?
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What is the insertion of a muscle?
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Direct attachments involve the epimysium of the muscle being fused to the periosteum of the bone.
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Indirect attachments involve the muscle's connective tissue wrappings extending beyond the muscle.
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What are the general types of movements at synovial joints? (Select all that apply)
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What is flexion in terms of movement?
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What is extension in terms of movement?
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What are the parts of a muscle?
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What is the role of a prime mover in muscle action?
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What does plantar flexing refer to?
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Study Notes
Main Function of Muscles
- Muscles use ATP to generate force, enabling body movements.
- Muscle stimulation can arise from nerves, intrinsic system regulation, or hormones.
- Myofilaments (actin and myosin) interact to produce muscle tension.
Types of Muscle Tissue
- Skeletal Muscle: Voluntary and striated.
- Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary and striated.
- Smooth Muscle: Involuntary and non-striated.
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
- Structure: Long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells with visible striations.
- Functions include voluntary movement, locomotion, environmental manipulation, and facial expressions.
- Located in skeletal muscles, attached to bones and sometimes to skin.
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
- Structure: Branching, striated cells, usually uninucleated.
- Function: Contracting to propel blood through the body, with involuntary control.
- Found in the walls of the heart.
Smooth Muscle Tissue
- Structure: Spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei, lacking striations; closely arranged in sheets.
- Function: Propels substances along internal passageways; involved in involuntary actions (e.g., childbirth).
- Located mostly in walls of hollow organs.
Functions of Muscle Tissue
- Facilitates body movement and substance transport (e.g., peristalsis).
- Maintains posture and stabilizes joints.
- Generates heat through muscle contractions (thermogenesis).
Composition of Skeletal Muscle
- Composed of skeletal muscle fibers, blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, veins), nerve fibers, and connective tissue.
Connective Tissue Sheaths in Skeletal Muscle
- Endomysium: Surrounds individual muscle fibers.
- Perimysium: Surrounds bundles of fibers called fascicles.
- Epimysium: Envelops the entire muscle, referred to as fascia.
Muscle Attachment Points
- Origin: Muscle attachment to the immovable or less movable bone.
- Insertion: Muscle attachment to the movable bone.
- Direct Attachments: Epimysium is fused to the periosteum of the bone.
- Indirect Attachments: Connective tissue extends beyond the muscle to form tendons or aponeuroses that attach to bones.
Movements at Synovial Joints
- Gliding Movement: Sliding motion across surfaces.
- Angular Movement: Includes flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.
- Rotation: Movement around an axis.
Parts of a Muscle
- Muscle Belly: The fleshy part of the muscle located between the tendons of origin and insertion.
- Origin: Usually more proximal attachment, less movable.
- Insertion: Usually more distal attachment, more movable.
Roles of Skeletal Muscle in Action
- Prime Mover (Agonist): Main muscle responsible for initiating and maintaining an action.
- Antagonist: Opposes the movement of the prime mover, facilitating the converse action.
- Synergist: Stabilizes or eliminates unwanted movement across joints.
- Fixator: Maintains the position of body parts not involved in the movement.
Plantar Flexion
- A movement where the foot or toes flex downward toward the sole.
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Description
Explore the various types of muscle tissues, including skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles. Understand their structures, functions, and how muscle contractions occur through ATP and myofilaments. This quiz covers critical concepts related to muscle physiology and movement.
