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Questions and Answers
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
What is the primary function of smooth muscle?
What is the primary function of smooth muscle?
What are the functions of skeletal muscle?
What are the functions of skeletal muscle?
Cardiac muscle is voluntary.
Cardiac muscle is voluntary.
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Smooth muscle is striated.
Smooth muscle is striated.
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Skeletal muscle is striated.
Skeletal muscle is striated.
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of skeletal muscle fibers?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of skeletal muscle fibers?
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Which type of muscle fiber contracts fastest?
Which type of muscle fiber contracts fastest?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the cardiac conduction system?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the cardiac conduction system?
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What is the role of the sinoatrial node (SA node) in the cardiac conduction system?
What is the role of the sinoatrial node (SA node) in the cardiac conduction system?
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What is the main function of the atrioventricular (AV) node in the cardiac conduction system?
What is the main function of the atrioventricular (AV) node in the cardiac conduction system?
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Study Notes
General Characteristics of Muscle Tissue
- Muscle cells are elongated
- Sarcoplasm appears fibrous due to myofibrils
- Cells are stained acidophilically
- Connected by loose areolar connective tissue, containing blood vessels and nerves
Muscle Tissue Functions
- Movement
- Posture maintenance
- Joint stabilization
- Heat generation
Specialized Muscle Functions
- Contraction
- Extension
- Excitability (irritability)
- Elasticity
- Conductivity
Muscle Composition
- Muscle fibers held together by intercellular substances (loose areolar connective tissue)
- Epimysium: outermost layer
- Perimysium (fascicle): surrounds bundles of muscle fibers
- Endomysium: sheath of reticular fibers
Types of Muscle Tissue
- Smooth muscle
- Cardiac muscle
- Skeletal muscle
Smooth Muscle
- Found in visceral organs
- Contractions are slow and uniform
- Functions to alter body part activity according to need
- Involuntary activation
- Fatigue-resistant
- Spindle or fusiform shaped cells (no branching)
- Myofibrils are non-striated
- Myofilaments are not distinct
- Single nucleus (bulging and centrally located)
- Compact cell arrangement
- Few, long, slender mitochondria
- Scanty ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum
- Sarcolemma with pinocytic vesicles
- Functions include bladder contraction, peristalsis (intestinal movement), respiratory passageway constriction/dilation, blood vessel constriction/dilation, pupil control, uterine contractions, and milk letdown.
- Found primarily in the walls of hollow visceral organs (digestive system)
Cardiac Muscle
- Has characteristics of both skeletal and smooth muscle
- Provides the contractile activity of the heart
- Very fatigue-resistant
- Activation is involuntary
- Elongated muscle fibers (branch)
- Single, central nuclei in each fiber
- Myofibrils appear striated
- Intercalated disks (junction between cardiac cells)
- Few sarcoplasmic reticulum
- No terminal cisternae, big & numerous mitochondria present
- Muscle fibers cannot regenerate after damage
Skeletal Muscle
- Produces skeletal movement
- Maintains posture and body position
- Supports soft tissues
- Maintains body temperature
- Stores nutrients
- Widely distributed throughout the body; attached to the skeletal system
- Microscopic Anatomy:
- Myoblasts (embryonic cells that develop into muscle fibers)
- Myosatellite cells (unfused cells in adult skeletal muscle)
- Sarcolemma (plasma membrane)
- Myofibrils contain:
- Actin (thin filaments)- arranged in a repeating pattern with myosin
- Myosin (thick filaments)
- I bands (light) and A bands (dark), with Z lines separating sarcomeres
- Three types of muscle fibers:
- Red (slow): Appears red due to myoglobin, smaller diameter, and more mitochondria, higher oxygen supply; slow-fatigue-resistant contractions, oxidative metabolism
- White (fast): Larger diameter, less myoglobin, pale color, smaller sarcosomes/mitochondria, fast-fatigue-prone contractions, anaerobic metabolism
- Intermediate fibers: Properties between red and white fibers
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Description
Explore the general characteristics, functions, and types of muscle tissue in this quiz. Learn about the unique properties of smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscles, along with their specific roles in the human body. Test your understanding of muscle structure and function.
