Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of these is NOT considered a primary function of muscle tissue?
Which of these is NOT considered a primary function of muscle tissue?
- Stabilizing body positions and posture.
- Combating infectious agents through antibody production. (correct)
- Generating heat to maintain body temperature.
- Producing movement of the body and its parts.
Skeletal and cardiac refer to which type of muscle?
Skeletal and cardiac refer to which type of muscle?
- Involuntary muscle
- Striated muscle (correct)
- Smooth muscle
- Voluntary muscle
Cardiac and smooth muscles share which common functional characteristic?
Cardiac and smooth muscles share which common functional characteristic?
- Involuntary control (correct)
- Voluntary control
- Attachment to bones
- Striated appearance
Which example demonstrates the primary role of smooth muscle?
Which example demonstrates the primary role of smooth muscle?
What is the primary function of a sphincter, composed of smooth muscle, in the body?
What is the primary function of a sphincter, composed of smooth muscle, in the body?
Which term describes the property of muscle tissue that allows it to be stretched without being damaged?
Which term describes the property of muscle tissue that allows it to be stretched without being damaged?
How do muscles contribute to the regulation of glucose levels in the bloodstream?
How do muscles contribute to the regulation of glucose levels in the bloodstream?
What does the term 'excitability' refer to in the context of muscle physiology?
What does the term 'excitability' refer to in the context of muscle physiology?
Which of the following best describes how muscles help maintain posture and prevent unwanted movements?
Which of the following best describes how muscles help maintain posture and prevent unwanted movements?
What term describes the characteristic of muscle tissue that allows it to shorten and generate force?
What term describes the characteristic of muscle tissue that allows it to shorten and generate force?
Which of the following describes a primary function of skeletal muscle?
Which of the following describes a primary function of skeletal muscle?
Which characteristics are shared by both cardiac and smooth muscle tissues?
Which characteristics are shared by both cardiac and smooth muscle tissues?
Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by being long, thin, cylindrical, multinucleated, and under voluntary control?
Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by being long, thin, cylindrical, multinucleated, and under voluntary control?
In which muscle tissue are intercalated discs exclusively found?
In which muscle tissue are intercalated discs exclusively found?
Which type of muscle tissue is primarily found in the walls of blood vessels?
Which type of muscle tissue is primarily found in the walls of blood vessels?
Which of the following represents a function primarily associated with smooth muscle?
Which of the following represents a function primarily associated with smooth muscle?
What is the role of acetylcholine (ACh) at the neuromuscular junction?
What is the role of acetylcholine (ACh) at the neuromuscular junction?
What does it mean for skeletal muscle fibers to be multinucleated?
What does it mean for skeletal muscle fibers to be multinucleated?
In a lever system, what is the fixed point around which movement occurs called?
In a lever system, what is the fixed point around which movement occurs called?
How does aerobic respiration supply energy to muscles?
How does aerobic respiration supply energy to muscles?
Which of the following describes the ATP demand in smooth muscle compared to skeletal and cardiac muscle and why?
Which of the following describes the ATP demand in smooth muscle compared to skeletal and cardiac muscle and why?
What is fused tetanus?
What is fused tetanus?
Which of the following correctly orders the structures of skeletal muscle from smallest to largest?
Which of the following correctly orders the structures of skeletal muscle from smallest to largest?
What is the sarcomere?
What is the sarcomere?
What is a cross-bridge?
What is a cross-bridge?
Flashcards
Functions of Muscle Tissue
Functions of Muscle Tissue
Generates heat, produces body movements, stabilizes body positions.
Types of Striated Muscle
Types of Striated Muscle
Skeletal and cardiac.
Types of Involuntary Muscle
Types of Involuntary Muscle
Cardiac and smooth.
Function of Smooth Muscle
Function of Smooth Muscle
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sphincter
Sphincter
Signup and view all the flashcards
Extensibility
Extensibility
Signup and view all the flashcards
Muscle Control of Glucose
Muscle Control of Glucose
Signup and view all the flashcards
Excitability of Muscles
Excitability of Muscles
Signup and view all the flashcards
Stabilizing body positions.
Stabilizing body positions.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Contractility
Contractility
Signup and view all the flashcards
Function of Skeletal Muscle
Function of Skeletal Muscle
Signup and view all the flashcards
Common Traits: Cardiac & Smooth Muscle
Common Traits: Cardiac & Smooth Muscle
Signup and view all the flashcards
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Signup and view all the flashcards
Location of Intercalated Discs
Location of Intercalated Discs
Signup and view all the flashcards
Muscle in Blood Vessels
Muscle in Blood Vessels
Signup and view all the flashcards
Function of Smooth Muscle
Function of Smooth Muscle
Signup and view all the flashcards
Neurotransmitter at Neuromuscular Junction
Neurotransmitter at Neuromuscular Junction
Signup and view all the flashcards
Multinucleated Skeletal Muscle
Multinucleated Skeletal Muscle
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fulcrum Definition
Fulcrum Definition
Signup and view all the flashcards
Aerobic Respiration Energy
Aerobic Respiration Energy
Signup and view all the flashcards
ATP Demand of Smooth Muscle
ATP Demand of Smooth Muscle
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fused Tetanus
Fused Tetanus
Signup and view all the flashcards
Muscle Organization (Smallest to Largest)
Muscle Organization (Smallest to Largest)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sarcomere
Sarcomere
Signup and view all the flashcards
Actin and Myosin Connection
Actin and Myosin Connection
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
- Muscle tissue functions include generating heat, producing body movements, and stabilizing body positions.
- Muscle tissue does NOT fight off infection.
- The types of striated muscle are skeletal and cardiac.
- Cardiac and smooth muscle types are involuntary.
- Smooth muscle moves food with the small intestine.
- A sphincter is a ring-like band of smooth muscle that stops the flow of contents from one organ to another.
- Extensibility refers to the ability of muscular tissue to stretch within limits without being damaged.
- Muscles control glucose levels by absorbing, storing, and using large amounts of glycogen.
- Excitability is when muscle cells take up ions, producing an electrical current along their cell.
- A function of muscle stabilizes body positions.
- Shortening ability of muscles is "Contractility".
- Skeletal muscle moves bones and the skin of the face.
- Involuntary and uninucleated characteristics apply to both cardiac and smooth muscle.
- Long, thin, cylindrical, multinucleated, and voluntary muscle tissue is best described as skeletal muscle.
- Intercalated discs are found only in cardiac muscle tissue.
- Smooth muscle is the muscle type found in blood vessels.
- Smooth muscle moves food through the digestive system.
- Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter used at the neuromuscular junction.
- Skeletal muscle fiber is multinucleated.
- The fixed point of a lever system where movement is applied is the fulcrum.
- Aerobic respiration doesn't give the muscle about two minutes of energy only, this statement is false.
- Smooth muscle needs the lowest adenosine triphosphate (ATP) due to the latch-bridge mechanism.
- Stimulating a muscle fiber with such high frequency that the twitches fuse into a single, non-fluctuating contraction is known as fused tetanus.
- The organization of muscle tissue from smallest to largest: filament, myofibril, fiber, fascicle, skeletal muscle.
- The functional contractile unit of the myofibril where muscle tension is produced is the sarcomere.
- The connection formed between actin and myosin is known as a cross-bridge.
- Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) helps break down acetylcholine (ACh) and aids removal from synapses.
- Walking or jogging short distances uses fast oxidative-glycolytic skeletal muscle fibers.
- Isotonic contraction occurs when there's a change in length but no change in tension.
- Anaerobic glycolysis creates approximately 2 minutes of energy for skeletal muscle.
- Skeletal muscles are named according to their action, location, shape, and size.
- An example of a third-class lever system is fulcrum, effort, and load.
- The action is the movement produced by the contraction of a muscle.
- The appearance and function of skeletal muscle is influenced by the arrangement of fascicle patterns.
- "Major" in a muscle's name means it is the largest of two muscles and does the most work.
- The deltoid is named for its shape.
- The agonist muscle type produces the most force during a particular movement.
- Occipitofrontalis muscle action draws the scalp anteriorly and posteriorly.
- Triceps brachii extends the forearm.
- Part of the hamstrings: Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, and Biceps femoris
- False, The movable attachment point of a muscle is known as the insertion, not origin.
- The synergist muscle group assists the prime mover in its action.
- Pectoralis major adducts and medially rotates the arm.
- Trapezius damage causes difficulty with laterally flexing the neck.
- True, the soleus muscle acts as a synergist to the gastrocnemius during plantar flexion of the legs.
- The diaphragm is the major muscle of inhalation.
- False, smooth muscles do not have striations.
- True, smooth muscles are in hollow organs of the body.
- True, smooth muscles do contain actin and myosin filaments.
- False, cold usually relaxes smooth muscle whereas heat usually contracts it.
- True, for a neurotransmitter, smooth muscle receptors are found all over the cell instead of only being found at a motor end plate.
- True, smooth muscle can be excited spontaneously.
- Voltage-gated channels respond to depolarization of the sarcolemma (cell membrane).
- Smooth muscle is not found attached to intercalated discs.
- Smooth muscle can be excited by temperature changes, chemicals such as hormones, autonomic nerve fibers, and neurotransmitters.
- Smooth muscle maintain a contraction for longer periods of time because they are resistant to fatigue and require less energy for contraction.
- Latch-bridge mechanism is a feature of smooth muscle and allows actin and myosin to remain attached without continuously using ATP.
- False, the myocytes of the smooth muscle do not have a large size.
- Calcium is more concentrated in the extracellular fluid (ECF) compared to the intracellular fluid (ICF).
- The two types of smooth muscle tissue are multi-unit and single-unit.
- Mechanically-gated channels are activated by stretch.
- Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder.
- During thermoregulation, the correct pairing with a homeostatic mechanism is effectors and skeletal muscles.
- During muscular contraction, heat is generated as a by-product of ATP production.
- O2 is not a product of cellular respiration.
- Physical activity and regular exercise delays age-related decreases in muscle mass.
- Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) affects skeletal and cardiac muscle.
- In myasthenia gravis, acetylcholine fails to bind to the muscle sarcolemma, which eventually leads to the ligand-gated channels not opening.
- The most common muscles affected in myasthenia gravis are the muscles of the eyelids.
- Atrophy contributes to when we shiver.
- 36 ATP generated through cellular respiration.
- The production of new adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is what generates the heat when a muscle contracts.
- A drooping upper eyelid and double vision improving when closing one eye suggests myasthenia gravis.
- Cholinesterase inhibitors are often used to treat myasthenia gravis.
- Genetic screening is used to identify muscular dystrophy early.
- Muscle atrophy is accompanied by Lossof muscle mass and loss of structural proteins
- Two structural divisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
- Spinal cord's primary function is to transmit electrical signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
- The autonomic nervous system does not carry signals to skeletal muscle.
- Visceral motor division carries signals to the smooth muscle in the large intestine.
- The nervous system division responsible for the integration of sensory information is the central nervous system.
- Endoneurium is the layer of connective tissue surrounds the individual nerve fibers.
- Bundles of axons known as tracts are part of the central nervous system.
- Pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater, layers of meningeal membranes in order from deepest to most superficial (lining the skull)
- Providing a chemically stable environment is a function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
- Myelinated axons predominates in the white matter of the brain.
- The autonomic nervous system is responsible for the physiological changes seen during exercise.
- Nerves are bundles of nerve fibers.
- The nerves originating from, or traveling to, the spinal cord are called spinal nerves, and their number is 31 pairs
- False sensory information is carried from the effector organs to the brain.
- Collections of nerve cell bodies found outside the central nervous system (CNS) are called ganglia.
- Dura mater is the most superficial of the meninges.
- Axon conducts the action potential away from the cell body.
- The primary function of the myelin sheath is to speed up the conduction of nerve impulses.
- Astrocyte is the neuroglial cell that helps form the blood-brain barrier.
- Collaterals occur along an axon.
- A metabolically active area of a neuron: cell body.
- Schwann cells are not a type of neuroglia found in the CNS.
- Myelin is a mass of white lipid material that insulates the axon of a neuron.
- Interneuron is located in the central nervous system (CNS) and connecting other neurons.
- Oligodendrocyte provides myelin for the axons in the central nervous system (CNS).
- Microglia functions as a macrophage in the CNS.
- Mutipolar is the most common type of neuron.
- The axon terminal (synaptic knobs) communicates is where the target cell and serves functions as the secretory region.
- Because astrocytes divide rapidly in response to brain injury, they are more likely to form a brain tumor.
- Hypocalcemia can cause muscle spasms.
- Chemical is the majority of synapses in the nervous system.
- Gathering information to set the rate and depth of breathing is convergent type of neural current.
- Spatial summation is the addition of post synaptic potentials by a neuron to receive thousands of EPSPs and responding, as a trigger for potential action.
- Neuronal pools are collections of interneurons.
- Acetylcholine excites skeletal muscle and inhibits cardiac muscle.
- Only if the cell is depolarized to threshold is when voltage-gated soidum channels are activated.
- Presence of calcium ions in the presynaptic neuron, neurotransmitter effects would not be terminated.
- A mechanically gated channel responds to physical stimuli.
- Sodium enters a neuron causing depolarization of the cell membrane.
- Calcium ion channels in the axon terminal must first open for a chemical synapse order of events to happen.
- GABA neurotransmitter is associated exclusively with inhibition.
- A thick, myelinated axon will likely propagate an action potential fastest.
- If the neurotransmitter opens ligand-gated sodium channels, allowing for an influx of sodium ions (Na+) into the postsynaptic membrane (depolarizing the cell), the presynaptic neurotransmitter would be considered excitatory.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
