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Questions and Answers
Which drug binds to ryanodine receptors, inhibiting them and suppressing the output of Ca++ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Which drug binds to ryanodine receptors, inhibiting them and suppressing the output of Ca++ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Which drug is a GABAB receptor agonist, causing hyperpolarization in presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons?
Which drug is a GABAB receptor agonist, causing hyperpolarization in presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons?
Which drug enhances the GABAA effect in the CNS by providing the passage of Cl- ion to the nerve cell?
Which drug enhances the GABAA effect in the CNS by providing the passage of Cl- ion to the nerve cell?
Which drug acts as an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist and is used for the management of spasticity?
Which drug acts as an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist and is used for the management of spasticity?
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What is the mechanism of action of tizanidine as a myorelaxant?
What is the mechanism of action of tizanidine as a myorelaxant?
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Why is tizanidine preferred over other α2 agonists for myorelaxant purposes?
Why is tizanidine preferred over other α2 agonists for myorelaxant purposes?
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What is the primary effect of Botulinum Toxin on the release of acetylcholine?
What is the primary effect of Botulinum Toxin on the release of acetylcholine?
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What is the common mechanism of action of antispasmodics like carisoprodol and cyclobenzaprine?
What is the common mechanism of action of antispasmodics like carisoprodol and cyclobenzaprine?
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Which drug is used in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia and can also be used as a general-purpose spasmolytic in oral form?
Which drug is used in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia and can also be used as a general-purpose spasmolytic in oral form?
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Which drug is a benzodiazepine group drug that enhances the GABAA effect in the CNS by providing the passage of Cl- ion to the nerve cell?
Which drug is a benzodiazepine group drug that enhances the GABAA effect in the CNS by providing the passage of Cl- ion to the nerve cell?
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Which drug makes hyperpolarization in presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons by acting as a GABAB receptor agonist?
Which drug makes hyperpolarization in presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons by acting as a GABAB receptor agonist?
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Which drug can be administered intrathecally in cases with severe muscle spasms ?
Which drug can be administered intrathecally in cases with severe muscle spasms ?
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Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of excessive sweating?
Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of excessive sweating?
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Which drug is an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist and is used for the management of spasticity with less cardiovascular effects?
Which drug is an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist and is used for the management of spasticity with less cardiovascular effects?
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Which drug is administered locally?
Which drug is administered locally?
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Botulinum toxin lethal dose in men?
Botulinum toxin lethal dose in men?
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Study Notes
Ryanodine Receptors
- Dantrolene binds to ryanodine receptors, inhibiting them and suppressing the output of Ca++ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
GABAB Receptors
- Baclofen is a GABAB receptor agonist, causing hyperpolarization in presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons.
GABAA Receptors
- Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, enhance the GABAA effect in the CNS by providing the passage of Cl- ion to the nerve cell.
- Benzodiazepines hyperpolarize the neuron, making it less excitable.
Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists
- Tizanidine acts as an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist and is used for the management of spasticity.
- Tizanidine's mechanism of action as a myorelaxant is to reduce the release of excitatory amino acids from the terminal ends of motor neurons.
- Tizanidine is preferred over other α2 agonists for myorelaxant purposes due to its less pronounced cardiovascular effects.
Botulinum Toxin
- Botulinum toxin's primary effect is to inhibit the release of acetylcholine, thereby reducing muscle contractions.
Antispasmodics
- Carisoprodol and cyclobenzaprine are antispasmodics that work by blocking the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscle.
- Dantrolene is used in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia and can also be used as a general-purpose spasmolytic in oral form.
Other Spasmolytics
- Baclofen can be administered intrathecally in cases with severe muscle spasms.
- Botulinum toxin is used for the treatment of excessive sweating.
Local Administration
- Botulinum toxin is administered locally.
Lethal Dose
- The lethal dose of Botulinum toxin in men is approximately 1-2 ng/kg.
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Description
Test your knowledge of muscle relaxants, neuromuscular blockers, and spasmolytics with this quiz. Explore the use of these drugs in surgeries and intensive care units to reduce muscle spasm and pain. Familiarize yourself with spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs and their effects on motor neuron-induced spasms and peripheral spasms.
