16 Questions
Which drug binds to ryanodine receptors, inhibiting them and suppressing the output of Ca++ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Dantrolene
Which drug is a GABAB receptor agonist, causing hyperpolarization in presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons?
Baclofen
Which drug enhances the GABAA effect in the CNS by providing the passage of Cl- ion to the nerve cell?
Diazepam
Which drug acts as an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist and is used for the management of spasticity?
Tizanidine
What is the mechanism of action of tizanidine as a myorelaxant?
Inhibiting presynaptic and postsynaptic nerves in the spinal cord
Why is tizanidine preferred over other α2 agonists for myorelaxant purposes?
It exerts myorelaxant effect at doses with less cardiovascular effects
What is the primary effect of Botulinum Toxin on the release of acetylcholine?
Inhibits the release of acetylcholine from vesicles
What is the common mechanism of action of antispasmodics like carisoprodol and cyclobenzaprine?
Mechanism of action is not clear
Which drug is used in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia and can also be used as a general-purpose spasmolytic in oral form?
Dantrolene
Which drug is a benzodiazepine group drug that enhances the GABAA effect in the CNS by providing the passage of Cl- ion to the nerve cell?
Diazepam
Which drug makes hyperpolarization in presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons by acting as a GABAB receptor agonist?
Baclofen
Which drug can be administered intrathecally in cases with severe muscle spasms ?
Baclofen
Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of excessive sweating?
Botulinum Toxin
Which drug is an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist and is used for the management of spasticity with less cardiovascular effects?
Tizanidine
Which drug is administered locally?
Botulinum toxin
Botulinum toxin lethal dose in men?
1.3-2.1 ng/kg
Study Notes
Ryanodine Receptors
- Dantrolene binds to ryanodine receptors, inhibiting them and suppressing the output of Ca++ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
GABAB Receptors
- Baclofen is a GABAB receptor agonist, causing hyperpolarization in presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons.
GABAA Receptors
- Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, enhance the GABAA effect in the CNS by providing the passage of Cl- ion to the nerve cell.
- Benzodiazepines hyperpolarize the neuron, making it less excitable.
Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists
- Tizanidine acts as an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist and is used for the management of spasticity.
- Tizanidine's mechanism of action as a myorelaxant is to reduce the release of excitatory amino acids from the terminal ends of motor neurons.
- Tizanidine is preferred over other α2 agonists for myorelaxant purposes due to its less pronounced cardiovascular effects.
Botulinum Toxin
- Botulinum toxin's primary effect is to inhibit the release of acetylcholine, thereby reducing muscle contractions.
Antispasmodics
- Carisoprodol and cyclobenzaprine are antispasmodics that work by blocking the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscle.
- Dantrolene is used in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia and can also be used as a general-purpose spasmolytic in oral form.
Other Spasmolytics
- Baclofen can be administered intrathecally in cases with severe muscle spasms.
- Botulinum toxin is used for the treatment of excessive sweating.
Local Administration
- Botulinum toxin is administered locally.
Lethal Dose
- The lethal dose of Botulinum toxin in men is approximately 1-2 ng/kg.
Test your knowledge of muscle relaxants, neuromuscular blockers, and spasmolytics with this quiz. Explore the use of these drugs in surgeries and intensive care units to reduce muscle spasm and pain. Familiarize yourself with spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs and their effects on motor neuron-induced spasms and peripheral spasms.
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