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Questions and Answers
What characterizes a simple muscle twitch?
What characterizes a simple muscle twitch?
- A sustained muscle contraction
- A rapid, single muscle contraction followed by relaxation (correct)
- The total contraction of a muscle group
- A prolonged relaxation phase of the muscle
Which sequence accurately describes the phases of a simple muscle twitch?
Which sequence accurately describes the phases of a simple muscle twitch?
- Contraction phase -> Relaxation phase -> Latent period
- Latent period -> Relaxation phase -> Contraction phase
- Relaxation phase -> Latent period -> Contraction phase
- Latent period -> Contraction phase -> Relaxation phase (correct)
If a second stimulus is applied during the latent phase of the first stimulus in a simple muscle twitch, what will occur?
If a second stimulus is applied during the latent phase of the first stimulus in a simple muscle twitch, what will occur?
- Curve with 2 humps
- No effect (correct)
- Two separate twitches
- Curve with higher contraction
What is represented by curve (C) in the context provided?
What is represented by curve (C) in the context provided?
Which phase does curve (C1) change to curve (C2) if a second stimulus is applied?
Which phase does curve (C1) change to curve (C2) if a second stimulus is applied?
Which of the following correctly describes Expiratory reserve volume?
Which of the following correctly describes Expiratory reserve volume?
What is the definition of Tidal volume?
What is the definition of Tidal volume?
Which option represents Residual volume?
Which option represents Residual volume?
Vital capacity is defined as which of the following?
Vital capacity is defined as which of the following?
What does Inspiratory capacity measure?
What does Inspiratory capacity measure?
What effect does adding warm saline to the Sinus venosus in a frog's heart have?
What effect does adding warm saline to the Sinus venosus in a frog's heart have?
What is the normal duration of the PR interval on an ECG?
What is the normal duration of the PR interval on an ECG?
What is considered a hypertensive blood pressure reading?
What is considered a hypertensive blood pressure reading?
Which of the following is the normal range of heart rate in an adult at rest?
Which of the following is the normal range of heart rate in an adult at rest?
What does the term 'tachycardia' refer to when measuring the pulse?
What does the term 'tachycardia' refer to when measuring the pulse?
Which site is most commonly used for examining pulse?
Which site is most commonly used for examining pulse?
In a normal ECG, what does the (P) wave represent?
In a normal ECG, what does the (P) wave represent?
During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the first heart sound occur?
During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the first heart sound occur?
What is true about the methods for determining arterial blood pressure?
What is true about the methods for determining arterial blood pressure?
Flashcards
What is a simple muscle twitch?
What is a simple muscle twitch?
A rapid, single contraction of a muscle fiber followed by relaxation. It is a basic unit of muscle contraction.
What is the correct sequence of events during a simple muscle twitch?
What is the correct sequence of events during a simple muscle twitch?
The latent period is the delay between the stimulus and the start of the contraction. The contraction phase is when the muscle shortens, and the relaxation phase is when the muscle returns to its resting length.
What happens if a second stimulus is applied during the latent phase of a simple muscle twitch?
What happens if a second stimulus is applied during the latent phase of a simple muscle twitch?
If a second stimulus is applied during the latent period of the first stimulus, the second stimulus will have no effect on the first twitch.
What happens if a second stimulus is applied during the early relaxation phase of a simple muscle twitch?
What happens if a second stimulus is applied during the early relaxation phase of a simple muscle twitch?
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What is the difference between Curve C1 (normal SMT) and Curve C2?
What is the difference between Curve C1 (normal SMT) and Curve C2?
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Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
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Tidal Volume (TV)
Tidal Volume (TV)
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Residual Volume (RV)
Residual Volume (RV)
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Vital Capacity (VC)
Vital Capacity (VC)
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Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
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Effect of Warm Saline on Frog's Heart
Effect of Warm Saline on Frog's Heart
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Normal PR Interval
Normal PR Interval
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Normal Resting Heart Rate
Normal Resting Heart Rate
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Tachycardia
Tachycardia
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Hypertension
Hypertension
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Normal Arterial Blood Pressure
Normal Arterial Blood Pressure
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Silent Gap Phenomena
Silent Gap Phenomena
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Auscultatory Method
Auscultatory Method
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Methods for Determining ABP
Methods for Determining ABP
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Arterial Blood Pressure Variation
Arterial Blood Pressure Variation
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Study Notes
Muscle Used in SMT Recording
- Muscle and nerve used for recording of a Simple Muscle Twitch (SMT):
- Gastrocnemius muscle, sciatic nerve
Simple Muscle Twitch Definition
- A simple muscle twitch is a rapid, single muscle contraction followed by relaxation.
Sequence of Events in a Simple Muscle Twitch
- Latent period → Contraction phase → Relaxation phase
Effect of Second Stimulus During Latent Phase
- If a second stimulus is applied to a muscle twitch during the latent phase, no effect is observed.
Effect of Second Stimulus During Early Relaxation Phase
- If a second stimulus is applied during the early relaxation phase of the first stimulus, a curve with two humps (or two separate twitches) is observed.
Curve Representation in SMT
- Curve C1 represents a normal simple muscle twitch.
- Curve C2 occurs when a second stimulus is applied during the early relaxation phase of a prior stimulus.
Curve C Representation
- Curve C represents separate, independent contractions (not tetanus or clonus).
Cause of Curve C
- Curve C is due to multiple stimuli during the early relaxation phase.
Conversion of Curve B to Curve C
- Curve B (presumably, a sustained contraction) can be converted to curve C (separate contractions) by applying stimuli during the early relaxation phase.
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities
- Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV): The maximal volume of air that can be inspired after a normal inspiration.
- Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV): The maximal volume of air that can be expired after a normal expiration.
- Tidal Volume (TV): The volume of air inspired and expired with each normal breath.
- Residual Volume (RV): The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a forced expiration.
- Vital Capacity (VC): The maximal volume of air that can be expired after a maximal inspiration.
- Inspiratory Capacity (IC): The sum of tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume; the amount of air that a person can breathe in after a normal exhalation.
Effect of Warm Saline on Frog Heart
- Adding warm saline to the sinus venosus of a frog's heart increases cardiac rhythmicity.
PR Interval in ECG
- Normal PR interval duration: 0.12-0.20 seconds
Normal Adult Resting Heart Rate
- Normal adult resting heart rate: 60-100 bpm
Tachycardia Definition
- Tachycardia refers to a pulse rate more than 100 beats per minute.
Hypertensive Blood Pressure Reading
- A hypertensive blood pressure reading is 160/100 mmHg or higher.
Normal Arterial Blood Pressure Range
- Normal arterial blood pressure: 100-140/60-90 mmHg.
Silent Gap Phenomenon
- Silent gap phenomenon is observed in conditions with hypertension.
First and Muffled Sound in Auscultatory Method
- The first sound heard in the auscultatory method is systolic blood pressure.
- When the sound is muffled, it indicates diastolic blood pressure.
Methods for Determining ABP
- The auscultatory method is the most common and reliable method for determining arterial blood pressure.
- Brachial artery is the common site for measuring blood pressure.
Arterial Blood Pressure Characteristics
- Arterial blood pressure decreases after hemorrhage and during sleep.
- It increases during emotion.
Steps for Measuring ABP
- The auscultatory method usually follows the palpatory method
Normal Pulse
- Normal pulse rate: 60-100 beats/minute
Common Pulse Site
- Radial artery is the most common site for measuring pulse.
ECG Wave Representations
- P wave: Atrial depolarization
- T wave: Ventricular repolarization
- QRS complex: Ventricular depolarization
PR Interval Measurement in ECG
- PR interval is measured from the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex.
First Heart Sound in Cardiac Cycle
- The first heart sound (S1) occurs during ventricular systole.
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Description
This quiz explores the physiological concepts related to Simple Muscle Twitches (SMT), including the muscle and nerve involved, the sequence of events during a twitch, and the effects of additional stimuli. Test your understanding of latent periods, contraction phases, and muscle response to stimulation through various scenarios.
