Chapters 1-8
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Questions and Answers

Which structure is primarily responsible for producing muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction?

  • Neurotransmitters (correct)
  • Motor unit
  • Myofibrils
  • Neuromuscular junction
  • In terms of skeletal anatomy, which of the following is part of the axial skeleton?

  • Femur
  • Coccyx (correct)
  • Scapula
  • Clavicle
  • What component of myofibrils directly interacts with actin during muscle contraction?

  • I-band
  • Cross-bridge (correct)
  • H-zone
  • Z-line
  • What is the primary characteristic of the I-band in a sarcomere structure?

    <p>It corresponds to areas of actin in two adjacent sarcomeres.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the position that is further away from the trunk?

    <p>Distal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the bracketing technique in exercise training?

    <p>To improve acceleration performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor affecting muscle force during free weight exercises?

    <p>The perpendicular distance from the weight to the body joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which exercise technique involves the use of levers during elbow flexion and extension?

    <p>Isokinetic exercises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological technique is employed during the Valsalva maneuver?

    <p>Holding the breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combination correctly identifies the elements necessary for performing free weight exercises?

    <p>Joint angle and body posture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle lever has the muscle force and resistive force acting on opposite sides of the fulcrum?

    <p>First-class lever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle contraction occurs when a muscle shortens?

    <p>Concentric contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which plane of motion do left and right movements primarily occur?

    <p>Sagittal plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary determinant of which energy system an athlete will use during exercise?

    <p>Exercise intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the relationship between work and force in muscle physics?

    <p>Work = Force × Displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is involved in synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors?

    <p>Gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle action involves opposing the agonist to control the movement?

    <p>Antagonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the process of glycolysis, what can pyruvate be converted into if not shuttled to the mitochondria?

    <p>Lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the work to rest ratio for the oxidative energy system?

    <p>1:10 to 1:3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of glycogenesis?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the actin filaments during muscle contraction according to the sliding filament theory?

    <p>Actin filaments slide inward on the myosin filaments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle fiber is characterized by high aerobic power and resistance to fatigue?

    <p>Type I (Slow twitch)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does troponin play during concentric muscle action?

    <p>It binds with calcium to facilitate cross-bridge interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the cardiac cycle, what does the QRS-wave represent?

    <p>Ventricular depolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does acetylcholine function at the neuromuscular junction?

    <p>To excite muscle fibers of a motor unit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT associated with an increase in serum testosterone levels?

    <p>Using light weights with high repetitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of steroid hormones allows them to enter cells?

    <p>They are fat-soluble and can diffuse across membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of exercise is most effective for promoting growth hormone increases?

    <p>High volume with moderate rest intervals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about testosterone is true?

    <p>It has the greatest influence on neural changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To effectively enhance muscle tissue growth, which factor should be combined with growth hormone and IGF?

    <p>Heavy resistance and moderate volume exercises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a physiological response associated with heavy resistance training?

    <p>Increased neuromuscular synchronization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes non-functional overreaching?

    <p>Decreased performance and increased fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit of anaerobic training adaptations?

    <p>Enhanced buffering capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered crucial for stimulating new bone formation during heavy resistance training?

    <p>Rate of loading, direction of force, and magnitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adaptation is NOT typically associated with anaerobic training?

    <p>Increased mitochondrial density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what ages do peak height velocity typically occur for girls and boys, respectively?

    <p>12 for girls and 19 for boys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for youth strength gains during maturation?

    <p>Neural changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body type is characterized by having broader shoulders and more muscle?

    <p>Mesomorphic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended hydration guideline during physical activity?

    <p>3-8 oz every 15 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which aspect do women generally show a difference from men regarding muscle strength?

    <p>Absolute strength compared to muscle size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the ideal performance state in athletes?

    <p>Narrow focus on the activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of motivation is primarily driven by internal factors?

    <p>Intrinisic motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of negative punishment in behavior management?

    <p>Removing something valued to decrease a behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does trait anxiety differ from state anxiety?

    <p>Trait anxiety is a persistent personality characteristic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes selective attention?

    <p>Inhibiting awareness of some stimuli to focus on others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected effect on stroke volume during aerobic exercises?

    <p>It increases due to improved cardiac contractility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adaptation is most associated with elite aerobically trained athletes?

    <p>Increased running economy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change is noted in relation to heart rate during rest after consistent aerobic training?

    <p>Decreased heart rate leading to lower oxygen demand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding oxygen uptake during submaximal exercise is true?

    <p>It increases in elite trained athletes compared to less trained individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological adaptation to altitude is commonly observed in athletes?

    <p>Hyperventilation during exertion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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