Muscle Function Testing
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Questions and Answers

What type of dynamometry measures static F+R?

  • Isokinetic Dynamometry
  • Manual Muscle Testing
  • Dinamometer (correct)
  • Electromyography

    • Which of the following is used to assess muscle electrical activity?

  • Dinamometer
  • Manual Muscle Testing
  • Electromyography (correct)
  • Tensomyography

    • What is the purpose of Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS)?

  • To assess muscle strength
  • To detect muscle fatigue
  • To induce muscle contraction (correct)
  • To measure muscle length

    • What is the main difference between I/t and A/t curves?

    <p>I/t is for muscles, A/t is for nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Tensomyography?

    <p>To detect and analyze superficial single muscle properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Isokinetic Dynamometry used for?

    <p>To assess muscle dynamic force in a specific ROM and at constant speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Manual Muscle Testing used for?

    <p>To assess muscle strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the grading scale used for in Manual Muscle Testing?

    <p>G (Good) to F (Fair)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of decreasing the temperature during manual muscle testing?

    <p>To increase muscle tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During manual muscle testing, what is the ideal location for resistance?

    <p>Next to the distal attachment of the tested muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle contraction is being assessed during a break test?

    <p>Isometric contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor in determining the grade of muscle strength during manual muscle testing?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'make test' in manual muscle testing?

    <p>To assess the patient's ability to hold a position against progressively increasing resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of 'validity and reliability' in manual muscle testing?

    <p>They are satisfactory for clinical use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle contraction is being assessed during a 'make test'?

    <p>Isotonic contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal body placement of the physical therapist during manual muscle testing?

    <p>Next to the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a stabilizer muscle during manual muscle testing?

    <p>To hold the segment while others are in charge of movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a normal isometric manual test?

    <p>Energic and painless isometric contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assessing muscle tone during manual muscle testing?

    <p>To identify neurological impairments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a synergist muscle?

    <p>To assist the agonist in movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of resisted movements tests in manual muscle testing?

    <p>To assess muscle strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a myotendinous injury in an isometric manual test?

    <p>Weak and painful isometric contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of palpation in manual muscle testing?

    <p>To assess muscle pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a neutralizer muscle?

    <p>To override secondary agonist functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of determining the maximum weight that can be lifted in isotonic manual testing?

    <p>To evaluate muscle strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of isotonic manual testing?

    <p>It involves uncontrolled speed and synergistic muscle activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the manual muscle testing procedure?

    <p>Wilhelmine Wright</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can influence the accuracy of manual muscle testing results?

    <p>Both the patient's and examiner's factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for an examiner to ensure the accuracy and reliability of manual muscle testing results?

    <p>Knowledge and technical skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should an expert clinician avoid doing during manual muscle testing?

    <p>Touching or holding the muscle belly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important aspect of palpation skills in manual muscle testing?

    <p>Identifying muscle shape and volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can affect the reliability of manual muscle testing results?

    <p>Both muscle location and joint laxity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Research and Assessment Challenges

    • Difficulties occur when assessing Grade 4 (G) muscle strength; Grade 3 or lower is considered questionable.
    • Dynamometry is utilized for measuring static force and resistance in targeted muscles such as spine erectors and lower limbs.

    Muscle Functional Testing

    • Isometric and Isotonic testing curves represent muscle performance under different conditions.
    • I/t curves inform about intensity over time, relevant for muscular fibers.
    • A/t curves illustrate accommodation over time, applicable for nerves.

    Tensomyography and Electromyography

    • Tensomyography evaluates single muscle properties and monitors fiber condition continuously.
    • Electromyography (EMG) records electrical activity in muscles via surface or intramuscular electrodes.

    Isokinetic Dynamometry

    • Assess muscle force dynamically within specific ranges of motion (ROM) at constant speeds.

    Preparing for Muscle Testing

    • Ensure a pain-free, comfortable position in a quiet atmosphere with proper temperature.
    • Use firm support with minimal friction and avoid excessive postural changes during testing.

    Muscle Manual Testing Types and Methods

    • Resistance tests evaluate a muscle’s ability to maintain a position against resistance applied near its distal attachment.
    • Break test involves isometric resistance at the end of ROM; "Hold without letting me break that position."
    • Make test applies increased resistance throughout the movement, informing on concentric (shortening) and eccentric (lengthening) actions.

    Validity and Reliability

    • Assessment methods possess satisfactory validity and reliability for clinical application.

    Muscular Assessment Overview

    • A critical component of physical assessment, providing insights not obtainable through other means.
    • Important in differential diagnoses, prognosis, and assessing neuromuscular/musculoskeletal processes.

    Muscle Types and Their Roles

    • Primary muscles are responsible for specific movements (agonists); they can switch roles with synergists.
    • Accessory muscles assist agonists, while stabilizer muscles support segments during movement tests.

    Assessment Techniques

    • Visual inspection for atrophy or hypertrophy, palpation for tone and tenderness are essential for initial assessments.
    • Resisted movement tests evaluate isometric and isotonic strength with specific criteria for performance and pain response.

    Influences on Muscle Strength Testing

    • Real muscle strength varies depending on the patient's physical and psychological state, including pain tolerance and comprehension skills.
    • Examiner factors, like technical knowledge and palpation skills, significantly impact testing accuracy and reliability.

    Cautions During Testing

    • Avoid touching or holding the muscle belly during assessments unless evaluating for pain or hypersensitivity.
    • An expert clinician must be attentive to patient feedback and articulate in interpreting their responses.

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    Related Documents

    Assessment And Clinimetrics Topic 1-9 PDF

    Description

    Assessing muscle function in grade 4, using dinamometry and electrical muscle stimulation, and understanding physiological and physiopathological muscle behavior.

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