Muscle Fiber Membrane and TrPs Formation

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What is one of the major hypotheses for the genesis of trigger points (TrPs) discussed in the chapter?

The energy crisis hypothesis (correct)

The vitamin deficiency hypothesis

The genetic mutation hypothesis

The overhydration hypothesis

What cycle is related to the genesis of a trigger point according to the text?

Pain-pleasure cycle

Sleep cycle

Pain-spasm-pain cycle (correct)

Exercise-recovery cycle

What are the relationships examined in the chapter regarding trigger points?

Relationships between animals and plants

Relationships between celebrities

Relationships between countries

Relationships between central and attachment TrPs (correct)

What is discussed at the end of the chapter regarding trigger points treatment methods?

Methods of sustained compression compared with deep-stroking massage Signup and view all the answers

What is a trigger point?

A focal area of hyperirritability sensitive to pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of a latent trigger point?

Only causes pain under compression Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe trigger points that exist within skeletal muscle tissue or muscular fascia?

Myofascial trigger points Signup and view all the answers

What are the two classifications into which all trigger points can be divided?

Active and inactive trigger points Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothesis links the sliding filament mechanism and the energy crisis to the genesis of a trigger point?

Energy crisis hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between an active and latent trigger point?

Response to compression Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe taut bands of skeletal muscle tissue where trigger points are located?

Taut bands Signup and view all the answers

Which type of TrP does not cause pain unless compressed?

Latent TrP Signup and view all the answers

What term is used for TrPs located within skeletal muscle tissue or muscular fascia?

Myofascial TrPs Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of an active trigger point?

It may produce pain even without compression Signup and view all the answers

What links the sliding filament mechanism, energy crisis, and genesis of a TrP?

Energy crisis hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between an active and latent trigger point?

Response to compression Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic structural and functional unit of muscle tissue?

Sarcomere Signup and view all the answers

Where are the thin actin filaments attached in a sarcomere?

To the Z-lines Signup and view all the answers

What causes the myosin-actin cross-bridges to form?

Attachment of myosin heads to actin filaments Signup and view all the answers

What happens when no ATP molecules are present?

Myosin-actin cross-bridges break Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the breakage of the cross-bridges between myosin and actin filaments?

Expenditure of ATP energy Signup and view all the answers

Which component releases stored calcium ions into the sarcoplasm of a muscle fiber?

Sarcoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of T tubules in muscle contraction?

To transmit electrical impulses into the muscle fiber Signup and view all the answers

What causes a structural change that exposes the binding sites of actin filaments to myosin heads?

Binding of calcium ions Signup and view all the answers

What happens when no ATP molecules are present during muscle contraction?

Myosin-actin cross-bridges break Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when ATP is present during muscle contraction?

Myosin heads attach to binding sites on actin filaments Signup and view all the answers

What happens as long as ATP molecules are present during muscle contraction?

Cross-bridges break repeatedly Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the formation of the pain-spasm-pain cycle according to the text?

A buildup of noxious waste products irritating the nerves Signup and view all the answers

Why do trigger points (TrPs) not form more frequently in the body?

Local muscle contractions are usually intermittent with rest periods allowing nutrient flow Signup and view all the answers

What is a reason that trigger points (TrPs) are often found in postural muscles?

Isometric contractions without rest periods Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the sustained partial depolarization of the motor endplate according to the text?

Excessive acetylcholine secretion Signup and view all the answers

Why does local swelling in a muscle region contribute to trigger point (TrP) formation?

It compresses arterial blood vessels causing ischemia Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor implicated in the formation of trigger points (TrPs) according to the text?

Localized muscle injuries or irritations Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ATP molecules in the sliding filament mechanism?

Breaking myosin-actin cross-bridges Signup and view all the answers

What initiates an electrical impulse that travels along the muscle fiber's membrane?

Neurotransmitters in the synapse Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of T tubules in muscle fibers?

Transmit electrical impulses into the muscle fiber Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is likened to a battery due to its role in storing energy in muscle fibers?

ATP Signup and view all the answers

In a muscle fiber, what is the primary role of ATP molecules?

Contracting sarcomeres Signup and view all the answers

What happens if ATP molecules are not present during Step 11 of the sliding filament mechanism?

Myosin-actin cross-bridges will not break Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of not having neurotransmitters in the synapse?

Prevention of impulse transmission into muscle fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which structure absorbs calcium ions back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum after muscle contraction?

Sarcoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

What initiates an electrical impulse that travels along the outer membrane of a muscle fiber?

Neurotransmitters in synapse Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for transmitting an electrical impulse into the interior of a muscle fiber?

T tubules Signup and view all the answers

Which theory explains the genesis of trigger points (TrPs) based on energy availability?

Energy Crisis Hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

What happens if ATP molecules are not present during reabsorption of calcium ions by the sarcoplasmic reticulum after sarcomere contraction?

The sarcomere remains contracted causing pain Signup and view all the answers

What can initiate the pain-spasm-pain and contraction-ischemia cycle that leads to trigger point (TrP) formation?

Chemicals causing local pain and tenderness Signup and view all the answers

What can result in the tightening of a muscle via the pain-spasm-pain cycle, predisposing it to trigger point (TrP) formation?

Perceived pain in a muscle Signup and view all the answers

What protective mechanism causes muscles in a region to tighten up if there is any pain or damage to an adjacent tissue?

Muscle splinting Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a muscle that remains in a shortened state for a prolonged period, predisposing it to trigger point (TrP) development?

Adaptive shortening Signup and view all the answers

What happens to muscle contraction when calcium ions are absent in the sarcoplasm?

The muscle contraction ceases Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of calcium ions affect the exposure of active sites on actin molecules?

It exposes the active sites Signup and view all the answers

Why does a TrP continue to persist without therapeutic intervention?

Due to contraction-ischemia cycle Signup and view all the answers

What role does ATP play in the formation of TrPs?

It helps in muscle relaxation Signup and view all the answers

Why do venous vessels being closed off worsen the condition of TrPs?

Leads to accumulation of acidic waste products Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the contraction-ischemia cycle during muscle contraction?

Blood vessel closure due to muscle contraction Signup and view all the answers

How does the energy crisis hypothesis explain the formation of TrPs?

By depriving the sliding filament mechanism of ATP Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a TrP from a globally tight muscle?

"Contracture" caused by central nervous system control Signup and view all the answers

"Globally tight muscles occur due to an excess of __________." Complete the statement based on the text.

"Contraction" Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the lack of ATP molecules in the muscle tissue affected by tightness?

Closure of arterial blood vessels due to muscle contraction Signup and view all the answers

Why does a muscle that contracts lose its blood supply?

To constrict blood vessels and restrict blood flow Signup and view all the answers

How does a deficiency of ATP molecules lead to persistent muscle contraction?

By preventing muscle relaxation and causing continued contraction Signup and view all the answers

Why do sarcomeres located closest to the motor endplate tend to form TrPs more easily?

They are constantly contracting and shortening due to the energy crisis hypothesis. Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the condition that results from constant irritation at the muscle's attachments?

Enthesopathy Signup and view all the answers

What type of TrP is created by enthesopathy due to the pull of a central TrP?

Attachment TrP Signup and view all the answers

How does excessive muscle contraction primarily contribute to the genesis of TrPs?

It reduces blood supply to the muscle tissue, leading to ischemia. Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the pulling force of a central TrP is sufficiently strong according to the text?

It transfers to the ends of the myofibrils' attachment into bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common circumstance that can lead to the formation of TrPs?

Excessive muscle contraction for a prolonged period. Signup and view all the answers

Why do central TrPs tend to create an enthesopathy?

By pulling and stretching sarcomeres, causing irritation at muscle endings. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a taut band is created within a muscle tissue?

It compresses blood vessels, resulting in ischemia. Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic structural unit and the functional unit of a muscle?

Sarcomere Signup and view all the answers

Where are trigger points (TrPs) located within a muscle?

At the center of muscle fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Z-lines in a sarcomere?

Anchor actin filaments Signup and view all the answers

What initiates muscle contractions in response to a message from the brain?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

Where do motor neurons meet individual muscle fibers?

At the motor point Signup and view all the answers

Which filament is located at the center of a sarcomere?

Myosin filament Signup and view all the answers

What floats across the synaptic cleft to bind to the motor endplate of a muscle fiber?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

'Shortened active insufficiency' can lead to what condition mentioned in the text?

Signup and view all the answers

What structures run the entire length of a muscle?

Muscle fibers Signup and view all the answers

What are some reasons why trigger points (TrPs) may form?

Myofascial TrP pain-spasm-ischemia cycle Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscles do not have their fibers run from attachment to attachment?

Pennate muscles Signup and view all the answers

What does effective clinical treatment of myofascial pain syndromes require an understanding of?

Sarcomere structure Signup and view all the answers

How does a muscle contract when ordered by the nervous system?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary to understand before discussing Trigger Points (TrPs)?

Sarcomere structure and sliding filament mechanism Signup and view all the answers

Muscle Fiber Membrane and TrPs Formation

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the major hypotheses for the genesis of trigger points (TrPs) discussed in the chapter?

What cycle is related to the genesis of a trigger point according to the text?

What are the relationships examined in the chapter regarding trigger points?

What is discussed at the end of the chapter regarding trigger points treatment methods?

What is a trigger point?

What is the main characteristic of a latent trigger point?

Which term is used to describe trigger points that exist within skeletal muscle tissue or muscular fascia?

What are the two classifications into which all trigger points can be divided?

Which hypothesis links the sliding filament mechanism and the energy crisis to the genesis of a trigger point?

What is the main difference between an active and latent trigger point?

What is the term used to describe taut bands of skeletal muscle tissue where trigger points are located?

Which type of TrP does not cause pain unless compressed?

What term is used for TrPs located within skeletal muscle tissue or muscular fascia?

What is the key characteristic of an active trigger point?

What links the sliding filament mechanism, energy crisis, and genesis of a TrP?

What is the main difference between an active and latent trigger point?

What is the basic structural and functional unit of muscle tissue?

Where are the thin actin filaments attached in a sarcomere?

What causes the myosin-actin cross-bridges to form?

What happens when no ATP molecules are present?

What initiates the breakage of the cross-bridges between myosin and actin filaments?

Which component releases stored calcium ions into the sarcoplasm of a muscle fiber?

What is the role of T tubules in muscle contraction?

What causes a structural change that exposes the binding sites of actin filaments to myosin heads?

What happens when no ATP molecules are present during muscle contraction?

What occurs when ATP is present during muscle contraction?

What happens as long as ATP molecules are present during muscle contraction?

What contributes to the formation of the pain-spasm-pain cycle according to the text?

Why do trigger points (TrPs) not form more frequently in the body?

What is a reason that trigger points (TrPs) are often found in postural muscles?

What triggers the sustained partial depolarization of the motor endplate according to the text?

Why does local swelling in a muscle region contribute to trigger point (TrP) formation?

What is a key factor implicated in the formation of trigger points (TrPs) according to the text?

What is the role of ATP molecules in the sliding filament mechanism?

What initiates an electrical impulse that travels along the muscle fiber's membrane?

What is the function of T tubules in muscle fibers?

Which molecule is likened to a battery due to its role in storing energy in muscle fibers?

In a muscle fiber, what is the primary role of ATP molecules?

What happens if ATP molecules are not present during Step 11 of the sliding filament mechanism?

What is the consequence of not having neurotransmitters in the synapse?

Which structure absorbs calcium ions back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum after muscle contraction?

What initiates an electrical impulse that travels along the outer membrane of a muscle fiber?

What is responsible for transmitting an electrical impulse into the interior of a muscle fiber?

Which theory explains the genesis of trigger points (TrPs) based on energy availability?

What happens if ATP molecules are not present during reabsorption of calcium ions by the sarcoplasmic reticulum after sarcomere contraction?

What can initiate the pain-spasm-pain and contraction-ischemia cycle that leads to trigger point (TrP) formation?

What can result in the tightening of a muscle via the pain-spasm-pain cycle, predisposing it to trigger point (TrP) formation?

What protective mechanism causes muscles in a region to tighten up if there is any pain or damage to an adjacent tissue?

What happens to a muscle that remains in a shortened state for a prolonged period, predisposing it to trigger point (TrP) development?

What happens to muscle contraction when calcium ions are absent in the sarcoplasm?

How does the presence of calcium ions affect the exposure of active sites on actin molecules?

Why does a TrP continue to persist without therapeutic intervention?

What role does ATP play in the formation of TrPs?

Why do venous vessels being closed off worsen the condition of TrPs?

What initiates the contraction-ischemia cycle during muscle contraction?

How does the energy crisis hypothesis explain the formation of TrPs?

What distinguishes a TrP from a globally tight muscle?

"Globally tight muscles occur due to an excess of __________." Complete the statement based on the text.

What contributes to the lack of ATP molecules in the muscle tissue affected by tightness?

Why does a muscle that contracts lose its blood supply?

How does a deficiency of ATP molecules lead to persistent muscle contraction?

Why do sarcomeres located closest to the motor endplate tend to form TrPs more easily?

What term is used to describe the condition that results from constant irritation at the muscle's attachments?

What type of TrP is created by enthesopathy due to the pull of a central TrP?

How does excessive muscle contraction primarily contribute to the genesis of TrPs?

What happens if the pulling force of a central TrP is sufficiently strong according to the text?

What is a common circumstance that can lead to the formation of TrPs?

Why do central TrPs tend to create an enthesopathy?

What happens when a taut band is created within a muscle tissue?

What is the basic structural unit and the functional unit of a muscle?

Where are trigger points (TrPs) located within a muscle?

What is the role of Z-lines in a sarcomere?

What initiates muscle contractions in response to a message from the brain?

Where do motor neurons meet individual muscle fibers?

Which filament is located at the center of a sarcomere?

What floats across the synaptic cleft to bind to the motor endplate of a muscle fiber?