Muscle Contraction Process Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is a distinguishing feature of smooth muscles compared to skeletal muscles?

  • Presence of troponin
  • Responds only to excitatory stimulus
  • Calcium source from extracellular fluid (correct)
  • Highly developed sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • Where is actin bound in smooth muscles?

  • Sarcomeres
  • Z lines
  • Dense bodies (correct)
  • Myosin filaments
  • How are neurons connected to smooth muscles?

  • Through neuromuscular junctions
  • Not directly connected (correct)
  • Via the bloodstream
  • Direct physical connection
  • What type of nerves connect to smooth muscles?

    <p>Autonomic nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do contractions of smooth muscles differ from skeletal muscles?

    <p>Slow sustained contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurotransmitters do autonomic nerves release?

    <p>Norepinephrine and acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is norepinephrine associated with?

    <p>Sympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two processes can smooth muscle, like the uterus, undergo?

    <p>Mitosis and hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major types of smooth muscles?

    <p>Multi unit or single unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do single unit smooth muscles contract?

    <p>They contract as a unit due to gap junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of alpha 2 receptors in the body?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitters do beta 2 receptors primarily respond to?

    <p>Epinephrine and norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in terms of their response mechanism?

    <p>Muscarinic are ligand-gated, while nicotinic are second messengers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are beta 1 receptors primarily located in the body?

    <p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitters equally stimulate alpha 1 receptors?

    <p>Epinephrine and norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism that activates myosin ATPase during smooth muscle contraction?

    <p>Binding of Ca to calmodulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the latch bridge cycle in smooth muscle contraction?

    <p>It helps to maintain tension for an extended period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In adrenal innervation, which neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic neuron?

    <p>Acetylcholine (ACH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main neurotransmitter released from the adrenal glands in adrenal innervation?

    <p>Epinephrine (EP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does sympathetic innervation release Acetylcholine (ACH) instead of Epinephrine (EP) and Norepinephrine (NE)?

    <p>Sweat gland innervation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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