Muscle Contraction and Origin-Insertion Quiz

Muscle Function and Anatomy

• Lateral flexion, bending of the back, neck, or head is caused by oblique muscles.
• When a muscle shortens, it contracts.
• Muscles are typically named based on their origin and/or insertion points, shape, function, or location.
• The tricep muscle has three origin points.
• The masseter and temporalis muscles are innervated by the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V).
• The quadriceps femoris muscle controls the extension of the thigh.

Nervous System

• The most powerful muscle group is the gluteal muscles.
• The weakest muscle group is the muscles of the middle ear.
• The nervous system receives, processes, and responds to sensory input from the environment.
• Sensory input refers to information gathered from the environment via sensors (e.g., eyes, ears, skin).
• The central nervous system (CNS) carries impulses to and from the spinal cord and brain.
• Motor output in the nervous system refers to the transmission of signals from the CNS to muscles and glands.

Glial Cells and Neuron Function

• Astrocytes are a type of glial cell that supports and braces neurons, as well as anchors them.
• Microglia are a type of glial cell that functions as immune cells, protecting the nervous system from infection.
• The dendrites of a neuron are responsible for receiving input signals.
• The axon of a neuron is responsible for transmitting output signals away from the cell body.
• Myelin in nerve fibers facilitates the transmission of signals by increasing the speed of impulse conduction.
• White matter in the nervous system is composed of myelinated nerve fibers, while gray matter is composed of unmyelinated nerve fibers and neuron cell bodies.
• A synapse is the small gap between the terminal end of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron, where chemical signals are transmitted.
• ASME in the context of the nervous system stands for Axon, Soma, Myelin, and Endoneurium.