Muscle Contraction and Motor Units
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of the muscle fiber membrane?

  • It has a flat and smooth structure
  • It has a spherical and hollow structure
  • It has a tightly folded structure (correct)
  • It has a loose and unfolded structure

    • What is the function of synaptic vesicles in the motor neuron?

  • To synthesize neurotransmitters
  • To release neurotransmitters
  • To store neurotransmitters (correct)
  • To break down neurotransmitters

    • What is a motor unit composed of?

  • A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls (correct)
  • A group of muscle fibers only
  • A group of muscle fibers and a sensory neuron
  • A group of motor neurons only

    • What is the result of muscle contraction?

    <p>Shortening of sarcomeres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of myosin crossbridges?

    <p>To pull on the actin filament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides energy to the myosin crossbridges?

    <p>The breakdown of ATP to ADP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of endurance training at high-intensity intervals on fast-twitch fibers?

    <p>It can recruit slow-twitch fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of tapering during training programs on type IIA fibers?

    <p>It improves the strength and power of type IIA fibers without affecting type I performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the 13-week training program with a three-week tapering cycle on muscle fiber functions in recreational runners?

    <p>Type I and type IIa fibers improved, and type IIa continued to improve during the tapering cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of the book edited by McGill and Montel in 2019?

    <p>NASM's Essentials of Sports Performance Training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the duration of the training program in the study that investigated muscle fiber changes in recreational runners training for a marathon?

    <p>13 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the doi of the study published in the Journal of Applied Physiology in 2006?

    <p>10.1152/japplphysiol.01595.2005</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of acetylcholinesterase in muscle contraction?

    <p>To decompose the neurotransmitter acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site where the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is released from the motor neuron?

    <p>Synaptic cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of slow oxidative fibers?

    <p>They manufacture ATP by aerobic glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the high concentration of calcium in the sarcoplasm during muscle contraction?

    <p>The troponin and tropomyosin molecules move aside, exposing the myosin binding sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of ATP production for fast glycolytic fibers?

    <p>Anaerobic glycogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fiber type is characterized by a pale color due to little myoglobin?

    <p>Fast glycolytic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the minimum strength of stimulation required to elicit a muscle contraction?

    <p>Threshold stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a muscle fiber's response to electrical stimulation?

    <p>It contracts to its full extent (all-or-none response)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the degree of muscle force produced?

    <p>The amount of motor units recruited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site where the muscle impulse reaches and triggers the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>T tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of intermediate fast oxidative fibers?

    <p>They produce ATP via aerobic metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the majority of fibers in the body?

    <p>Fast glycolytic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the mass or size of type II muscle fibers is increased?

    <p>There is a significant decrease in fat mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of exercise is associated with the gradual transformation of type II A fibers to type I fibers?

    <p>Endurance training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to type II B fibers with endurance resistance training?

    <p>They increase in size and strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of cardiovascular and respiratory changes with endurance training?

    <p>Better supplies of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of exercises can help improve the ability of slow-twitch muscle fibers to utilize oxygen to produce energy?

    <p>Exercises with sustained isometric contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of large muscle development with endurance training?

    <p>Increased blood vessels and mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

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