30 Questions
What is a characteristic of the muscle fiber membrane?
It has a tightly folded structure
What is the function of synaptic vesicles in the motor neuron?
To store neurotransmitters
What is a motor unit composed of?
A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls
What is the result of muscle contraction?
Shortening of sarcomeres
What is the function of myosin crossbridges?
To pull on the actin filament
What provides energy to the myosin crossbridges?
The breakdown of ATP to ADP
What is the effect of endurance training at high-intensity intervals on fast-twitch fibers?
It can recruit slow-twitch fibers
What is the result of tapering during training programs on type IIA fibers?
It improves the strength and power of type IIA fibers without affecting type I performance
What was the result of the 13-week training program with a three-week tapering cycle on muscle fiber functions in recreational runners?
Type I and type IIa fibers improved, and type IIa continued to improve during the tapering cycle
What is the title of the book edited by McGill and Montel in 2019?
NASM's Essentials of Sports Performance Training
What was the duration of the training program in the study that investigated muscle fiber changes in recreational runners training for a marathon?
13 weeks
What is the doi of the study published in the Journal of Applied Physiology in 2006?
10.1152/japplphysiol.01595.2005
What is the primary function of acetylcholinesterase in muscle contraction?
To decompose the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
What is the site where the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is released from the motor neuron?
Synaptic cleft
What is a characteristic of slow oxidative fibers?
They manufacture ATP by aerobic glycolysis
What is the consequence of the high concentration of calcium in the sarcoplasm during muscle contraction?
The troponin and tropomyosin molecules move aside, exposing the myosin binding sites
What is the primary source of ATP production for fast glycolytic fibers?
Anaerobic glycogenolysis
Which fiber type is characterized by a pale color due to little myoglobin?
Fast glycolytic fibers
What is the term for the minimum strength of stimulation required to elicit a muscle contraction?
Threshold stimulus
What is the characteristic of a muscle fiber's response to electrical stimulation?
It contracts to its full extent (all-or-none response)
What determines the degree of muscle force produced?
The amount of motor units recruited
What is the site where the muscle impulse reaches and triggers the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
T tubules
What is a characteristic of intermediate fast oxidative fibers?
They produce ATP via aerobic metabolism
What is the majority of fibers in the body?
Fast glycolytic fibers
What happens when the mass or size of type II muscle fibers is increased?
There is a significant decrease in fat mass
What type of exercise is associated with the gradual transformation of type II A fibers to type I fibers?
Endurance training
What happens to type II B fibers with endurance resistance training?
They increase in size and strength
What is a benefit of cardiovascular and respiratory changes with endurance training?
Better supplies of oxygen
What type of exercises can help improve the ability of slow-twitch muscle fibers to utilize oxygen to produce energy?
Exercises with sustained isometric contractions
What is a result of large muscle development with endurance training?
Increased blood vessels and mitochondria
Learn about the structure and function of muscle fibers, motor neurons, and motor units. Understand how muscle contraction occurs and the role of neurotransmitters.
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