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Questions and Answers
When muscle acts as resistance, which type of contraction is occurring?
When muscle acts as resistance, which type of contraction is occurring?
Where does the center of gravity (COG) move after an above knee amputation on the left lower extremity?
Where does the center of gravity (COG) move after an above knee amputation on the left lower extremity?
When a muscle acts as the effort in a lever system, which type of contraction occurs?
When a muscle acts as the effort in a lever system, which type of contraction occurs?
What can be done to increase the challenge of moving a lever?
What can be done to increase the challenge of moving a lever?
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Which statement regarding the center of gravity (COG) of two body segments is correct?
Which statement regarding the center of gravity (COG) of two body segments is correct?
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What does the patella increase regarding the quadriceps femoris muscle?
What does the patella increase regarding the quadriceps femoris muscle?
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What might be done to decrease the challenge of moving a lever?
What might be done to decrease the challenge of moving a lever?
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What happens to a lever's challenge when resistance is applied closer to the fulcrum?
What happens to a lever's challenge when resistance is applied closer to the fulcrum?
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What is the correct sequence of muscle structure from broad to specific?
What is the correct sequence of muscle structure from broad to specific?
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Which option is NOT a factor affecting active muscle tension?
Which option is NOT a factor affecting active muscle tension?
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Which ions are primarily involved in depolarizing the muscle fiber cell?
Which ions are primarily involved in depolarizing the muscle fiber cell?
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During elbow flexion, which muscle acts as a fixator?
During elbow flexion, which muscle acts as a fixator?
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Which muscle classification criterion is NOT used for muscle architecture?
Which muscle classification criterion is NOT used for muscle architecture?
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Which type of joint receptor is particularly sensitive to increases in muscle tension during contraction?
Which type of joint receptor is particularly sensitive to increases in muscle tension during contraction?
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Which of the following pair of muscles are antagonists to each other?
Which of the following pair of muscles are antagonists to each other?
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Which statement accurately describes the role of T tubules in muscle fibers?
Which statement accurately describes the role of T tubules in muscle fibers?
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Which muscle is located most laterally in relation to the wrist?
Which muscle is located most laterally in relation to the wrist?
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Which muscles are likely affected in the patient's elbow condition?
Which muscles are likely affected in the patient's elbow condition?
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What structure may have caused the wrist pain in the patient playing an online game for extended hours?
What structure may have caused the wrist pain in the patient playing an online game for extended hours?
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Which of the following is NOT considered an articulating surface of the humeroulnar joint?
Which of the following is NOT considered an articulating surface of the humeroulnar joint?
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Which muscle allows for ulnar deviation of the wrist?
Which muscle allows for ulnar deviation of the wrist?
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Disruption of a tendon at or near the insertion of which muscle is known as jersey or sweater finger?
Disruption of a tendon at or near the insertion of which muscle is known as jersey or sweater finger?
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What is the most likely physical therapist impression for this patient's elbow condition?
What is the most likely physical therapist impression for this patient's elbow condition?
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Which articulating surfaces stabilize the forearm during pronation/supination activities?
Which articulating surfaces stabilize the forearm during pronation/supination activities?
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Active middle finger extension and interphalangeal extension range of motion is greatest when:
Active middle finger extension and interphalangeal extension range of motion is greatest when:
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Which of the following muscles are associated with isolated contraction during MCP extension?
Which of the following muscles are associated with isolated contraction during MCP extension?
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Which statement is TRUE about the Brachialis muscle?
Which statement is TRUE about the Brachialis muscle?
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Which of the following symptoms might indicate a diagnosis of lateral epicondylitis?
Which of the following symptoms might indicate a diagnosis of lateral epicondylitis?
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Which of these bones is also known as the scaphoid?
Which of these bones is also known as the scaphoid?
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Which of the following options best describes the point at which jersey finger should be surgically addressed?
Which of the following options best describes the point at which jersey finger should be surgically addressed?
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Which of these conditions is characterized by pain during wrist and finger extension?
Which of these conditions is characterized by pain during wrist and finger extension?
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What is the primary function of the anconeus muscle?
What is the primary function of the anconeus muscle?
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What is the muscle identified as having weak but full range during shoulder flexion evaluation?
What is the muscle identified as having weak but full range during shoulder flexion evaluation?
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Which of the following muscles are considered vertical stressors of the GH joint?
Which of the following muscles are considered vertical stressors of the GH joint?
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Which muscles are antagonists in medial and lateral rotation of the shoulder?
Which muscles are antagonists in medial and lateral rotation of the shoulder?
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What supports the shoulder when transferring weight from one hand to another?
What supports the shoulder when transferring weight from one hand to another?
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Which of the following is true regarding 'scaption'?
Which of the following is true regarding 'scaption'?
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Which pair of muscles is synergistic in providing shoulder stabilization?
Which pair of muscles is synergistic in providing shoulder stabilization?
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What is the estimated angle range for scaption from the frontal plane?
What is the estimated angle range for scaption from the frontal plane?
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Which muscles might be engaged when the shoulder is supported during movement?
Which muscles might be engaged when the shoulder is supported during movement?
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Study Notes
Muscle Contraction
- Concentric contraction: Muscle acts as the effort in a lever system
- Eccentric contraction: Muscle acts as the resistance in a lever system
- Isometric contraction: Muscle contracts to hold a position but does not change length
- Isotonic contraction: Muscle contracts and changes length
Levers and Resistance
- To make it more challenging to move a lever: Increase the amount of resistance or move resistance further from the fulcrum
- To make it easier to move a lever: Decrease the amount of resistance or move resistance closer to the fulcrum
Muscle Fiber Structure
- Muscle fibers are made up of myofibrils which contain sarcomeres
- Sarcomeres are made of thick and thin filaments
Muscle Tension
- Factors affecting active muscle tension:
- Diameter of the axon
- Number of muscle fibers of the motor unit recruited
- Number of motor units firing
- Frequency of supramaximal stimulus
Muscles and Movement
- Antagonist muscles: Work against each other
- Synergist muscles: Work together to help a movement
- Fixator muscles: Stabilize a joint while another joint is moving
Joint Receptors
- Muscle spindle: Sensitive to stretch and changes in muscle length
- Golgi tendon organ: Sensitive to increases in muscle tension from muscle contraction
Shoulder Joint
- Vertical stressors of the GH joint: Supraspinatus and gravity
Tennis Elbow
- Lateral epicondylitis: Pain at the lateral epicondyle with wrist extension and grip weakness
Wrist and Hand Anatomy
- Abductor pollicis longus: Located most laterally in relation to the wrist
- Scaphoid: Also known as the navicular
Hand Movements
- Ulnar deviation: Movement of the wrist toward the little finger, performed by Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU) and Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU)
- Jersey finger: Disruption of a tendon at, or near, the insertion of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis muscle, typically requiring surgery within one week to address
- Mcp extension with flexion of the IP: This is the result of an isolated contraction of the extensor digitorum communis muscle.
Elbow Anatomy
- Humeroulnar joint: articulating surfaces include the Trochlear groove, Trochlear notch, and Capitate.
- Humeroradial joint: articulating surfaces include the Capitulum and the Ulnar radial notch
- Brachialis muscle: This muscle is located on the anterior side of the humerus, and is more active when the forearm is in a supinated position.
Wrist Pain
- Guyon's canal: Possible source of wrist pain with excessive use, located on the medial side of the wrist
- Carpal tunnel: Possible source of wrist pain with excessive use, located on the palm side of the wrist
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Description
Test your knowledge on the various types of muscle contractions, the mechanics of levers, and muscle fiber structure. Understand how these concepts relate to muscle tension and movement. This quiz is perfect for students studying anatomy or physiology.
