Muscle and Epithelial Tissue Quiz

The relative amount of surface area to volume in a cell or structure. This ratio is crucial for efficient transport across the membrane and cellular processes.

The process where molecules move across a membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

A collection of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.

The type of tissue that covers and lines body surfaces, cavities, and forms glands.

Epithelial tissue that consists of a single layer of cells.

Epithelial tissue that consists of multiple layers of cells.

A type of epithelial tissue characterized by flat, thin cells.

A type of epithelial tissue characterized by cube-shaped cells.

A type of epithelial tissue characterized by tall, column-shaped cells.

A specialized extracellular matrix that anchors epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue.

Connective tissues are a diverse group of tissues that support, connect, and protect other tissues in the body. They are characterized by having cells scattered within a matrix of extracellular material, composed of fibers and ground substance.

Fibroblasts are the most common type of cell in connective tissue. They are responsible for synthesizing and secreting the components of the extracellular matrix, including collagen, elastin, and ground substance.

Collagen fibers are strong and flexible protein fibers that provide tensile strength to connective tissues. They are the most abundant type of protein in the body.

Elastic fibers are composed of the protein elastin, which allows them to stretch and recoil, providing elasticity to connective tissues. They are found in tissues that need to expand and contract.

Loose connective tissue is characterized by having a loosely interwoven network of collagen and elastic fibers, providing support, flexibility, and cushioning. It is found beneath the skin, around organs, and in the spaces between muscles.

Dense connective tissue is characterized by having a densely packed network of collagen fibers, providing strength and support. It is found in tendons, ligaments, and the dermis of the skin.

Adipose tissue is a type of loose connective tissue specialized for energy storage. It is composed of adipocytes (fat cells) that store fat droplets in their cytoplasm.

Muscle tissue is specialized for contraction, which allows for movement. It is composed of muscle cells (myocytes) that contain contractile proteins.

The main cavity of the body that contains the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities. It's separated from the dorsal cavity by the diaphragm.

The cavity containing the brain and spinal cord. It's located on the back side of the body.

The chest cavity that houses the heart and lungs. It's separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm.

The cavity below the diaphragm that contains the digestive organs, kidneys, and other internal organs.

The inferior portion of the ventral cavity that contains the bladder, reproductive organs, and the end of the large intestine.

A thin membrane that lines the ventral body cavities and covers the surface of the organs within them.

A type of membrane that lines freely moveable joints, secreting lubricating fluid.

The outer layer of skin, also known as the cutaneous membrane.

This epithelial tissue has several layers of cells and is very protective. It resists abrasion and makes up the outer layer of the skin and lines the mouth and esophagus.

A type of epithelial tissue with multiple cell layers, all of which touch the basement membrane, but with nuclei at different heights, making it appear stratified.

This epithelial tissue is designed for protection, with several layers of cells built for resistance and resilience.

This epithelial tissue lines organs like the trachea and respiratory system. Its cilia help to sweep away mucus and other debris.

This type of epithelium has cells that change shape in response to tension, transitioning from cuboidal to squamous.

Transitional epithelium is found in the urinary bladder, renal pelvis, and ureters, allowing these organs to stretch and recoil.

This type of epithelial tissue is single-layered, with flat, thin cells. It is found in locations where diffusion and filtration are important, like the lining of alveoli, blood vessels, and body cavities.

Simple cuboidal epithelium is a single layer of cube-shaped cells. It is found in locations where secretion and absorption occur, like lining the kidney tubules and various glands.

Simple columnar epithelium is a single layer of tall, column-shaped cells, often with cilia or microvilli. It is found in the small intestine, where it absorbs nutrients, and secretes digestive enzymes.

This epithelium is a single layer of columnar-shaped cells, but with some nuclei appearing at different levels creating a false layered appearance. It is found in the trachea, where it traps impurities and moves them towards the throat with cilia.

A system that maintains a stable internal environment, even when external or internal conditions change.

A feedback loop that reduces or reverses a change in the internal environment, bringing it back to its set point.

A feedback loop that amplifies or strengthens a change in the internal environment.

The acceptable range around which the internal state may fluctuate in a negative feedback loop.

The part of a feedback loop that detects changes in the internal environment.

The part of a feedback loop that receives signals from the sensor and makes adjustments to the internal environment.

The part of a feedback loop that carries out the instructions of the control center to restore the internal environment to its set point.

A condition where the body is unable to regulate blood glucose levels because the body's cells do not respond normally to insulin.

A plane passing through the midline of the body, separating right and left sides equally.

A plane that misses the midline, dividing the body into unequal right and left portions.

A plane that divides the body horizontally into superior and inferior portions.

A structure composed of multiple tissues working together to perform a specific function.

A group of organs working together to perform a broad function essential for life.

The largest organ system that protects against environmental hazards and regulates body temperature.

The system that provides support, protects internal organs, stores minerals, and produces blood cells.

The system responsible for movement, support, and heat production.

The control center of the body, responsible for receiving, interpreting, and transmitting information.

The system that regulates long-term changes in body functions by producing and releasing hormones.

The system that transports blood, oxygen, nutrients, and waste throughout the body.

The system that defends the body against disease and infection, and returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream.

The system responsible for gas exchange between the body and the environment.

The system that breaks down food and absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream.

The system responsible for removing waste products from the blood, regulating water balance, and maintaining blood pH.