Muscle Anatomy Quiz: Forearm Muscles
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Questions and Answers

What is the proximal attachment of the Flexor Carpi Radialis?

Medial epicondyle of the humerus.

Which nerve innervates the Palmaris Longus muscle?

Median nerve.

What muscle action is associated with the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?

Flexes and adducts the hand at the wrist.

Describe the distal attachment of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis.

<p>Shafts of middle phalanges of the medial four digits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two parts of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus?

<p>Medial part and lateral part.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Flexor Pollicis Longus?

<p>Flexes the distal phalanx of the thumb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for flexing the middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints?

<p>Flexor Digitorum Superficialis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the innervation of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris.

<p>Ulnar nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the Pronator Quadratus?

<p>Proximal attachment: Distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna; Distal attachment: Distal quarter of anterior surface of radius.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the Extensor Pollicis Longus?

<p>Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the primary muscle action of the Abductor Pollicis Longus.

<p>It abducts the thumb and extends it at the carpometacarpal joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the deep fibers of the Pronator Quadratus?

<p>They bind the radius and ulna together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action does the Extensor Pollicis Brevis perform on the thumb?

<p>It extends the proximal phalanx of the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the muscle that provides a relatively weak flexion of the forearm.

<p>Brachioradialis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the proximal attachments of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus?

<p>Lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus contribute during fist clenching?

<p>It is active during the fist clenching process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the Biceps Brachii?

<p>The proximal attachment includes the coracoid process of the scapula and supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula; the distal attachment is the tuberosity of the radius and fascia of the forearm via bicipital aponeurosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the Supraspinatus muscle and what is its action?

<p>The supraspinatus is innervated by the suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6) and it initiates and assists deltoid in the abduction of the arm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the muscle action of the Rhomboid major.

<p>The Rhomboid major retracts the scapula, rotates its glenoid cavity inferiorly, and fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary actions of the Triceps Brachii?

<p>The Triceps Brachii is the chief extensor of the forearm and helps resist dislocation of the humerus, especially during adduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of innervation, how do the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm differ?

<p>The muscles in the anterior compartment (Biceps Brachii, Coracobrachialis, and Brachialis) are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7), while the Triceps Brachii in the posterior compartment is innervated by the radial nerve (C6, C7, C8).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distal attachment of the Infraspinatus muscle?

<p>The Infraspinatus muscle distally attaches to the middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle actions are associated with the Subscapularis?

<p>The Subscapularis medially rotates the arm and helps hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity as part of the rotator cuff.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the proximal attachment of the Teres Major and its primary action.

<p>The Teres Major has its proximal attachment on the posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula and primarily adducts and medially rotates the arm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the action and innervation of the Pronator Teres.

<p>The Pronator Teres pronates and flexes the forearm at the elbow and is innervated by the median nerve (C6, C7).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the Teres Minor, and which nerve innervates it?

<p>The Teres Minor laterally rotates the arm and is innervated by the axillary nerve (C5, C6).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proximal attachment of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB)?

<p>Lateral epicondyle of humerus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the Extensor Digitorum?

<p>Deep branch of radial nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Extensor Digiti Minimi primarily act on the 5th digit?

<p>It extends the 5th digit primarily at the metacarpophalangeal joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distal attachment point of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris?

<p>Dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the muscle that extends and adducts the hand at the wrist joint.

<p>Extensor Digiti Minimi (EDM).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the Supinator muscle?

<p>Posterior interosseous nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is primarily performed by the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis?

<p>Extends the medial four digits at the metacarpophalangeal joints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle's action includes supination of the forearm?

<p>Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two heads of the Adductor Pollicis and their respective attachment sites?

<p>The Adductor Pollicis has an oblique head attached to the bases of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, and a transverse head attached to the anterior surface of the shaft of the 3rd metacarpal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Lumbricals in the hand?

<p>The Lumbricals primarily flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints of the 2nd to 5th digits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the Dorsal Interossei contribute to finger movement?

<p>The Dorsal Interossei abduct the 2nd to 4th digits from the axial line and assist in flexing the metacarpophalangeal joints while extending the interphalangeal joints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which digits do the Palmar Interossei adduct, and how do they assist other muscles?

<p>The Palmar Interossei adduct the 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits toward the axial line and assist the Lumbricals in flexing the metacarpophalangeal joints and extending the interphalangeal joints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the Lumbricals, and how does it vary between the first two and last two?

<p>The 1st and 2nd Lumbricals are innervated by the Median Nerve, while the 3rd and 4th are innervated by the Deep branch of the Ulnar nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the Extensor Indicis?

<p>Proximal attachment: posterior surface of distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane; Distal attachment: extensor expansion of 2nd digit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the Opponens Pollicis muscle?

<p>The recurrent branch of the median nerve (C8, T1) innervates the Opponens Pollicis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the primary action of the Abductor Pollicis Brevis.

<p>The primary action of the Abductor Pollicis Brevis is to abduct the thumb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What actions does the Flexor Pollicis Brevis perform?

<p>The Flexor Pollicis Brevis primarily flexes the thumb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the proximal attachment of the Abductor Digiti Minimi.

<p>The proximal attachment of the Abductor Digiti Minimi is the pisiform.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Opponens Digiti Minimi?

<p>The main function of the Opponens Digiti Minimi is to draw the 5th metacarpal anterior and rotate it, allowing opposition with the thumb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves innervate the Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis?

<p>The deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8, T1) innervates the Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle's action assists in the flexion of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit?

<p>The Abductor Digiti Minimi assists in the flexion of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the Pronator Quadratus muscle?

<p>Pronates the forearm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for extending the thumb at the interphalangeal joint?

<p>Extensor Pollicis Longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the Abductor Pollicis Longus muscle?

<p>Posterior interosseous nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distal attachment of the Extensor Pollicis Brevis?

<p>Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle action contributes to flexion of the forearm in midpronated position?

<p>Brachioradialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the muscle action of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus?

<p>Extends and abducts the hand at the wrist joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure binds the radius and ulna together?

<p>Deep fibers of the Pronator Quadratus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is not innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve?

<p>Pronator Quadratus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris?

<p>Supinates the forearm and rotates the radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for extending the 5th digit?

<p>Extensor Digiti Minimi</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Extensor Digitorum attach distally?

<p>Extensor expansions of the medial four digits</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle extends the 2nd digit and helps extend the hand at the wrist?

<p>Supinator</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis?

<p>Deep branch of radial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proximal attachment is common to both the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris and the Extensor Digiti Minimi?

<p>Lateral epicondyle of humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle action does the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis perform?

<p>Extends and abducts the wrist</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary muscle action of the Opponens Pollicis?

<p>Opposes the thumb</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle has its distal attachment on the extensor expansion of the 2nd digit?

<p>Extensor Indicis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nerve primarily innervates the Abductor Digiti Minimi?

<p>Deep branch of ulnar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle action does the Flexor Pollicis Brevis perform?

<p>Flexion of the thumb</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proximal attachment of the Opponens Digiti Minimi?

<p>Hook of hamate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for abducting the 5th digit?

<p>Abductor Digiti Minimi</p> Signup and view all the answers

The muscle action of the Extensor Indicis primarily includes which of the following?

<p>Extension of the index finger</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for elevating the scapula?

<p>Levator Scapulae</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nerve innervates the Trapezius muscle?

<p>Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle acts to adduct and medially rotate the humerus?

<p>Latissimus Dorsi</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proximal attachment of the Latissimus Dorsi muscle?

<p>Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is performed by the middle part of the Trapezius muscle?

<p>Retracts the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is NOT involved in the elevation of the shoulder girdle?

<p>Serratus Anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two vertebrae are proximal attachments for the Rhomboid Minor muscle?

<p>C7 and T1</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action do the descending and ascending parts of the Trapezius perform together?

<p>Rotate the glenoid cavity superiorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle primarily flexes the distal phalanx of the thumb?

<p>Flexor Pollicis Longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the Flexor Carpi Radialis?

<p>Flexes and abducts the hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for tensing the palmar aponeurosis?

<p>Palmaris Longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure does the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis act upon primarily?

<p>Middle phalanges of medial four digits</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?

<p>Ulnar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus is responsible for flexing the fourth and fifth digits at the distal interphalangeal joints?

<p>Medial part</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Flexor Carpi Radialis attaches distally to which structure?

<p>Base of the 2nd metacarpal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle's nerve supply is derived from the anterior interosseous nerve?

<p>Flexor Pollicis Longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action do the rhomboid muscles primarily perform?

<p>Retract the scapula and rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for laterally rotating the arm?

<p>Infraspinatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the long head of the Biceps Brachii mainly assist during shoulder motion?

<p>It resists dislocation of the shoulder</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles has its innervation primarily from the musculocutaneous nerve?

<p>Coracobrachialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the Teres Major muscle?

<p>Adducts and medially rotates the arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Subscapularis as part of the rotator cuff?

<p>Medially rotates the arm and stabilizes the humeral head</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle's primary action includes flexing the forearm in all positions?

<p>Brachialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action of the Pronator Teres muscle?

<p>Pronates and flexes the forearm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle initiates arm abduction and assists the deltoid?

<p>Supraspinatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle primarily serves as the chief extensor of the forearm?

<p>Triceps Brachii</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for elevating the scapula?

<p>Levator Scapulae</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles acts to retract the shoulder blades?

<p>Trapezius</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action does the Latissimus Dorsi perform?

<p>Extends and adducts the humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What innervates the Trapezius muscle?

<p>Spinal Accessory nerve and spinal nerves C3 and C4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle's distal attachment is at the floor of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus?

<p>Latissimus Dorsi</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the descending part of the Trapezius muscle?

<p>Elevates the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve primarily innervates the Levator Scapulae muscle?

<p>Dorsal scapular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action do the descending and ascending parts of the Trapezius act together to perform?

<p>Rotate the glenoid cavity superiorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle primarily initiates the abduction of the arm?

<p>Supraspinatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action do the Rhomboid muscles perform on the scapula?

<p>Retract scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the Teres Major muscle?

<p>Lower subscapular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compartment of the arm contains the Biceps Brachii?

<p>Anterior compartment</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the Triceps Brachii muscle?

<p>Extends the forearm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles contributes to lateral rotation of the arm?

<p>Infraspinatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle acts to flex the forearm when it is in a supine position?

<p>Biceps Brachii</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distal attachment of the Pronator Teres muscle?

<p>Middle of lateral surface of radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle assists the deltoid in arm abduction?

<p>Supraspinatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle primarily acts to flex and abduct the hand at the wrist?

<p>Flexor Carpi Radialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus?

<p>Flexes the distal phalanx at the distal interphalangeal joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for innervating the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?

<p>Ulnar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Palmaris Longus muscle primarily functions to:

<p>Flex the hand and tense the palmar aponeurosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle's action is primarily to flex the middle phalanges at the proximal interphalangeal joints?

<p>Flexor Digitorum Superficialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the Flexor Pollicis Longus?

<p>Flexes the thumb at the interphalangeal joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle has a common proximal attachment at the medial epicondyle of the humerus and is responsible for flexing the hand?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Flexor Digitorum Profundus innervation primarily affects which digits?

<p>4th and 5th digits</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the Adductor Pollicis?

<p>Adducts the thumb</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distal attachment of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB)?

<p>Dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle primarily extends the 5th digit?

<p>Extensor Digiti Minimi</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles are responsible for abducting the 2nd-4th digits?

<p>Dorsal Interossei</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris?

<p>Posterior interosseous nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the Lumbricals influence the movement of the fingers?

<p>They flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle's action includes extending and adducting the hand at the wrist joint?

<p>Extensor Carpi Ulnaris</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the 1st and 2nd Lumbricals?

<p>Median nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the action of the Palmar Interossei?

<p>Adducts the 4th digit towards the axial line</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is primarily associated with the Supinator muscle?

<p>Supinates forearm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Extensor Digitorum?

<p>Extends at proximal interphalangeal joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is not primarily performed by the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis?

<p>Adducting the hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary muscle action of the Extensor Indicis?

<p>Supinates the forearm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle innervates the Abductor Digiti Minimi?

<p>Deep branch of ulnar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is associated with the Opponens Pollicis?

<p>Opposes the thumb</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Flexor Pollicis Brevis in thumb movement?

<p>Flexes the thumb</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis?

<p>Deep branch of ulnar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proximal attachment corresponds to the Abductor Pollicis Brevis?

<p>Tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle's primary action includes helping to flex the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit?

<p>Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action does the Opponens Digiti Minimi perform?

<p>Draws the 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Table 1-6: Close-Packed Positions of Joints

  • Zygapophyseal (spine): Extension
  • Temporomandibular: Teeth clenched
  • Glenohumeral: Abduction and external rotation
  • Acromioclavicular: Arm abducted to 90 degrees
  • Sternoclavicular: Arm resting by side
  • Ulnohumeral: Elbow flexed 90 degrees, forearm supinated 5 degrees
  • Radiohumeral: Extension
  • Proximal radioulnar: 5 degrees of supination
  • Distal radioulnar: 5 degrees of supination
  • Radiocarpal (wrist): Extension with radial deviation
  • Carpometacarpal: Full opposition
  • Metacarpophalangeal: Full flexion
  • Interphalangeal: Full extension
  • Hip: Full extension, internal rotation, and abduction
  • Tibiofemoral: Full extension and external rotation of tibia
  • Talocrural (ankle): Maximum dorsiflexion
  • Subtalar: Supination
  • Midtarsal: Supination
  • Tarsometatarsal: Supination
  • Metatarsophalangeal: Full extension
  • Interphalangeal: Full extension

Table 1-7: Open-Packed (Resting) Positions of Joints

  • Zygapophyseal (spine): Midway between flexion and extension
  • Temporomandibular: Mouth slightly open (freeway space)
  • Glenohumeral: 55 degrees of abduction, 30 degrees of horizontal adduction
  • Acromioclavicular: Arm resting by side
  • Sternoclavicular: Arm resting by side
  • Ulnohumeral: 70 degrees of flexion, 10 degrees of supination
  • Radiohumeral: 70 degrees of flexion, 35 degrees of supination
  • Proximal radioulnar: 10 degrees of supination
  • Radiocarpal (wrist): Neutral with slight ulnar deviation
  • Carpometacarpal: Midway between abduction-adduction and flexion-extension
  • Metacarpophalangeal: Slight flexion
  • Interphalangeal: Slight flexion
  • Hip: 10-30 degrees of flexion, 10-30 degrees of abduction, and 0-5 degrees of external rotation
  • Tibiofemoral: 25 degrees of flexion
  • Talocrural (ankle): 10 degrees of plantar flexion, midway between maximum inversion and eversion
  • Subtalar: Midway between extremes of range of movement
  • Midtarsal: Midway between extremes of range of movement
  • Tarsometatarsal: Midway between extremes of range of movement
  • Metatarsophalangeal: Neutral
  • Interphalangeal: Slight flexion

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