Muscle Anatomy and Functions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexion and supination of the forearm?

Triceps brachii

Anconeus

Biceps brachii (correct)

Brachialis

Which muscle is primarily responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot?

Gastrocnemius

Flexor digitorum longus

Tibialis anterior (correct)

Fibularis (peroneus) longus

What is the function of the pronator teres muscle?

Flex the hand

Abduct the thumb

Pronate the forearm (correct)

Extend the fingers

What is the primary function of fibularis (peroneus) brevis?

Eversion and plantar flexion of foot Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle acts as a synergist in forearm flexion?

Brachioradialis Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is the prime mover of finger extension?

Extensor digitorum Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group consists of the gastrocnemius and soleus?

Superficial posterior compartment Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle acts as the prime mover for foot inversion?

Tibialis posterior Signup and view all the answers

What action does the flexor carpi radialis perform?

Abducts and flexes the hand Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the supinator muscle?

Supinate the forearm Signup and view all the answers

What action do the flexor hallucis longus specifically perform?

Plantar flexes and inverts the foot Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle contributes to the abduction of the hand while also extending it?

Extensor carpi radialis longus Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle flexes the distal phalanges?

Flexor digitorum profundus Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexing the neck and rotating the head toward the opposite shoulder?

Sternocleidomastoid Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action of the diaphragm during respiration?

Flattens on contraction Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle acts as the prime mover of arm abduction?

Deltoid Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the quadratus lumborum muscle?

Flexes the vertebral column laterally Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for protracting and holding the scapula against the chest wall?

Serratus anterior Signup and view all the answers

Which group of muscles collectively extends or hyperextends the head?

Splenius Signup and view all the answers

The internal intercostal muscles are primarily involved in which action?

Drawing ribs together to depress the rib cage Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is commonly known for its role in arm extension and medial rotation?

Teres major Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for flexing and laterally rotating the thigh?

Iliopsoas Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the quadriceps femoris?

Extends leg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is part of the hamstring group?

Biceps femoris Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle primarily adducts and medially rotates the thigh?

Pectineus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the gluteus maximus muscle?

Extends thigh Signup and view all the answers

The iliopsoas is composed of which two muscles?

Iliacus and psoas major Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle stabilizes the patella while extending the leg?

Vastus intermedius Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the gracilis muscle?

Flexes and medially rotates the leg Signup and view all the answers

Which posterior thigh muscle is responsible for laterally rotating the leg?

Biceps femoris Signup and view all the answers

Which compartment of the thigh contains the adductor muscles?

Medial compartment Signup and view all the answers

What term describes muscles that aid the action of agonists by assisting with the same movement?

Synergists Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles serves as the prime mover for flexion at the elbow?

Biceps Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fixators in the muscular system?

To maintain posture Signup and view all the answers

Which prefix is used for the largest muscle in a group?

Maximus Signup and view all the answers

How are muscles that oppose a particular movement classified?

Antagonists Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'rectus' indicate about a muscle's fiber direction?

Straight Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes fixators in relation to prime movers?

They immobilize the origin of prime movers. Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a muscle that has three origins?

Triceps Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the masseter muscle?

Closes the jaw Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for raising the eyebrows?

Epicranius (Occipitofrontalis) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is involved in facial expression by drawing the corner of the mouth downward?

Depressor anguli oris Signup and view all the answers

The sternohyoid muscle is classified as which type of muscle?

Infrahyoid muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle compresses the cheek during mastication?

Buccinator Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the platysma muscle?

Tenses skin of the neck Signup and view all the answers

What defines the attachment of muscles of facial expression compared to other skeletal muscles?

They insert into the skin or other muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for grinding movements of the teeth?

Lateral pterygoid Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is part of the suprahyoid group and helps in opening the mouth?

Digastric Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is specifically involved in eye movement?

Extrinsic eye muscles Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System

Skeletal muscles enable movement, including smiling, frowning, speaking, singing, breathing, dancing, running, and playing musical instruments.
Purposeful movements usually require the coordinated action of multiple skeletal muscles.

Classification of Skeletal Muscles

Prime Movers (Agonists): Muscles primarily responsible for a specific movement.
Antagonists: Muscles that oppose or reverse the movement of a prime mover. Their fibers are stretched and relaxed when the prime mover is active. Antagonists can also be prime movers in their own right.
Example: Biceps (flexion at the elbow) and triceps (extension at the elbow).
Synergists: Muscles that aid the action of agonists, either by assisting in the same movement or reducing unnecessary movements.
Fixators (Fixation Muscles): Specialized synergists that maintain posture and stabilize the origin of a prime mover so tension is exerted at the insertion point.
- Muscles of the back stabilize the scapula during arm movements.

Naming Skeletal Muscles

Muscles are named based on various criteria:
- Direction of muscle fibers: Rectus (straight), transverse, and oblique.
- Muscle size: Maximus (largest), minimus (smallest), longus (long), and brevis (short).
- Muscle location: Temporalis muscle overlies the temporal bone.
- Number of origins: Biceps, triceps, and quadriceps (2, 3, and 4 origins, respectively).
- Location of attachments: Sternocleidomastoid's origin on the sternum and clavicle, and insertion on the mastoid process of the temporal bone.
- Muscle shape: Deltoids are triangular; trapezius is trapezoidal.
- Muscle action: Adductor muscles of the thigh bring about adduction; extensors of the wrist extend the hand.

Patterns of Fascicle Arrangement in Muscles

Diagrams showing different fascicle arrangements (circular, convergent, fusiform, parallel, multipennate, bipennate, unipennate) are provided.

Identification of Human Muscles: Head and Neck

Muscles of facial expression differ from other skeletal muscles as they insert into skin or other muscles rather than bone.
This arrangement allows for wide ranges of facial expressions.
Muscles of mastication move the mandible during chewing.
Extrinsic eye muscles (6) control eye movement and aim.
Neck muscles control head and shoulder girdle movement.

Major Muscles of the Head-Facial Expression

Detailed table providing information on origin, insertion, and action of various facial muscles.

Major Muscles of the Head-Mastication Tables

Detailed information on origin, insertion, action, and characteristics of muscles of head and jaw movement.

Muscles of the Neck and Throat (Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid) Tables

Detail on origin, insertion, and action of muscles of the neck and throat, including suprahyoid and infrahyoid groups.

Identification of Human Muscles: Trunk

Trunk muscles move the vertebral column.
Anterior thorax muscles move the ribs, head, and arms.
Abdominal wall muscles (natural girdle) play a vital role in vertebral column movement.

Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column: Head Movements

Detailed table providing origin, insertion, and action of muscles that move the head and neck and how they work together.

Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column: Trunk Extension

Detailed table providing origin, insertion and action of muscles that extend and bend the vertebral column.

Muscles of the Thorax, Shoulder, and Abdominal Wall (continued)

Information on origin, insertion, and action of muscles of the thorax and shoulder, abdominal wall

Muscles of Respiration

Information on muscles involved in breathing, including origin, insertion, and function.

Muscles of the Abdominal Wall

Information on origin, insertion, and action of abdominal wall muscles.

Muscles of the Upper Limb

Muscles involved in moving the arm, forearm, and hand, categorized into groups and detailed functions.

Muscles of the Humerus (Arm) That Move the Forearm

List of muscles, their origins and insertions, and their roles in moving the forearm.

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers (Anterior-Superficial/Posterior-Superficial/Deep)

Muscle Tables provided for Muscles of the Forearm with origins, insertions and actions in superficial and deep groups.

Muscles of the Lower Limb

Information on muscles responsible for movement at the hip, knee, and ankle joints in the lower limb.
Muscles of the thigh cause movements at the multiaxial hip joint. - Include the iliopsoas, adductor group.
Muscles of the leg cause movements at the knee and ankle. - Include the hamstrings, quadriceps, tibialis

Muscles That Move the Thigh and Leg - Anterior and Medial Aspects

Information about the muscles and their functions found in the medial and anterior compartments of the thigh and leg

Muscles That Move the Human Thigh and Leg - Posterior Aspect

Muscles are presented, along with their origins, insertions, and functions in moving the posterior thigh and leg.

Muscles That Move the Foot and Ankle

information on muscles involved in moving the foot and ankle

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Description

Test your knowledge on the muscles of the human body with this quiz, focusing on their functions, movements, and roles in flexion, extension, and more. Discover how specific muscles contribute to various actions such as foot dorsiflexion, arm abduction, and forearm flexion.