Muscle Anatomy and Functions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexion and supination of the forearm?

  • Triceps brachii
  • Anconeus
  • Biceps brachii (correct)
  • Brachialis

Which muscle is primarily responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot?

  • Gastrocnemius
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Tibialis anterior (correct)
  • Fibularis (peroneus) longus

What is the function of the pronator teres muscle?

  • Flex the hand
  • Abduct the thumb
  • Pronate the forearm (correct)
  • Extend the fingers

What is the primary function of fibularis (peroneus) brevis?

<p>Eversion and plantar flexion of foot (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle acts as a synergist in forearm flexion?

<p>Brachioradialis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is the prime mover of finger extension?

<p>Extensor digitorum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group consists of the gastrocnemius and soleus?

<p>Superficial posterior compartment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle acts as the prime mover for foot inversion?

<p>Tibialis posterior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action does the flexor carpi radialis perform?

<p>Abducts and flexes the hand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the supinator muscle?

<p>Supinate the forearm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action do the flexor hallucis longus specifically perform?

<p>Plantar flexes and inverts the foot (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle contributes to the abduction of the hand while also extending it?

<p>Extensor carpi radialis longus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle flexes the distal phalanges?

<p>Flexor digitorum profundus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexing the neck and rotating the head toward the opposite shoulder?

<p>Sternocleidomastoid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action of the diaphragm during respiration?

<p>Flattens on contraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle acts as the prime mover of arm abduction?

<p>Deltoid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the quadratus lumborum muscle?

<p>Flexes the vertebral column laterally (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for protracting and holding the scapula against the chest wall?

<p>Serratus anterior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of muscles collectively extends or hyperextends the head?

<p>Splenius (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The internal intercostal muscles are primarily involved in which action?

<p>Drawing ribs together to depress the rib cage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is commonly known for its role in arm extension and medial rotation?

<p>Teres major (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for flexing and laterally rotating the thigh?

<p>Iliopsoas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the quadriceps femoris?

<p>Extends leg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is part of the hamstring group?

<p>Biceps femoris (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle primarily adducts and medially rotates the thigh?

<p>Pectineus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the gluteus maximus muscle?

<p>Extends thigh (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The iliopsoas is composed of which two muscles?

<p>Iliacus and psoas major (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle stabilizes the patella while extending the leg?

<p>Vastus intermedius (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the gracilis muscle?

<p>Flexes and medially rotates the leg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which posterior thigh muscle is responsible for laterally rotating the leg?

<p>Biceps femoris (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compartment of the thigh contains the adductor muscles?

<p>Medial compartment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes muscles that aid the action of agonists by assisting with the same movement?

<p>Synergists (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles serves as the prime mover for flexion at the elbow?

<p>Biceps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fixators in the muscular system?

<p>To maintain posture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which prefix is used for the largest muscle in a group?

<p>Maximus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are muscles that oppose a particular movement classified?

<p>Antagonists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'rectus' indicate about a muscle's fiber direction?

<p>Straight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes fixators in relation to prime movers?

<p>They immobilize the origin of prime movers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a muscle that has three origins?

<p>Triceps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the masseter muscle?

<p>Closes the jaw (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for raising the eyebrows?

<p>Epicranius (Occipitofrontalis) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is involved in facial expression by drawing the corner of the mouth downward?

<p>Depressor anguli oris (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sternohyoid muscle is classified as which type of muscle?

<p>Infrahyoid muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle compresses the cheek during mastication?

<p>Buccinator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the platysma muscle?

<p>Tenses skin of the neck (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the attachment of muscles of facial expression compared to other skeletal muscles?

<p>They insert into the skin or other muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for grinding movements of the teeth?

<p>Lateral pterygoid (A), Medial pterygoid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is part of the suprahyoid group and helps in opening the mouth?

<p>Digastric (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is specifically involved in eye movement?

<p>Extrinsic eye muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Prime Mover

A muscle primarily responsible for a specific movement.

Antagonist

A muscle that opposes or reverses the action of a prime mover.

Synergist

A muscle that aids the action of a prime mover by assisting in the movement or reducing unwanted movements.

Fixator

A specialized synergist that stabilizes the origin of a prime mover, ensuring all tension is applied at the insertion.

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Rectus

Describes a muscle with fibers running straight along an imaginary line.

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Oblique

Refers to a muscle with fibers running at an angle to an imaginary line.

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Maximus

Indicates a large muscle.

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Biceps

Refers to a muscle with two points of origin.

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Sternocleidomastoid Muscle

A muscle that originates on the sternum and clavicle, and inserts on the mastoid process of the temporal bone.

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Deltoid Muscle

A triangular muscle that covers the shoulder joint, providing abduction of the arm.

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Trapezius Muscle

A large, flat muscle that covers the upper back and neck, providing movement of the scapula.

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Adductor Muscles

Muscles that bring a limb closer to the midline of the body.

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Extensor Muscles

Muscles that straighten a joint.

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Facial Expression Muscles

Muscles that are different from most skeletal muscles because they insert into the skin or other muscles rather than into bone.

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Masseter Muscle

The prime mover for closing the jaw.

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Temporalis Muscle

A muscle that assists the masseter in closing the jaw.

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Digastric Muscle

A muscle that opens the mouth and depresses the mandible.

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Natural Girdle

The muscles of the abdominal wall, which form a protective layer around the abdominal organs.

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Sternocleidomastoid

A muscle responsible for flexing the neck and rotating the head towards the opposite shoulder.

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Scalenes

A group of muscles that elevate the first two ribs, aiding in breathing.

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Splenius

Muscles that extend and hyperextend the head, as well as rotate it towards the opposite side.

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Erector Spinae

A group of muscles responsible for extending the vertebral column and bending it laterally.

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Semispinalis

Muscles that extend the head and vertebral column and cause rotation towards the opposite side when acting together.

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Quadratus Lumborum

Muscles responsible for flexing the vertebral column laterally on each side.

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Pectoralis Major

The primary muscle for flexing, adducting, and medially rotating the arm.

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Serratus Anterior

A muscle that protracts and holds the scapula against the chest wall, also rotating it.

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Fibularis Longus & Brevis

These muscles are located in the lateral compartment of the leg, and they work together to plantar flex and evert the foot.

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Tibialis Anterior

The tibialis anterior is primarily responsible for dorsiflexing the foot, which means lifting the toes upwards.

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Triceps Surae

This large calf muscle is made up of the gastrocnemius and soleus, and it is the major player in plantar flexing the foot.

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Popliteus

This muscle is located in the deep posterior compartment of the leg. Its role is to flex and rotate the leg medially, unlocking the knee for flexion.

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Tibialis Posterior

This deep posterior muscle is the prime mover of foot inversion, meaning it turns the sole of the foot inward.

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Iliopsoas Actions

This muscle flexes the trunk at the hip joint, flexes the thigh, and assists in lateral flexion of the vertebral column.

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Sartorius Actions

This muscle flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh, and flexes the leg.

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Adductor Group Actions

This muscle group, including adductor magnus, longus, and brevis, adducts and medially rotates and flexes the thigh.

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Pectineus Actions

This muscle adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the thigh.

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Gracilis Actions

This muscle adducts the thigh and flexes and medially rotates the leg.

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Quadriceps Femoris Actions

This muscle group extends the leg and flexes the thigh. It includes rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius.

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Tensor Fascia Lata Actions

This muscle steadies the trunk.

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Gluteus Maximus Actions

This powerful muscle extends the thigh.

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Gluteus Medius and Minimus Actions

These muscles abduct and medially rotate the thigh.

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Hamstring Actions

The hamstring muscles, including biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus, extend the thigh and flex the leg. They also rotate the leg laterally and medially.

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Triceps Brachii

A powerful muscle located on the back of the upper arm responsible for extending the forearm. It has three heads: long, lateral, and medial.

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Anconeus

A small muscle located on the back of the elbow joint. It helps abduct the ulna during pronation, which is turning your palm downward.

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Biceps Brachii

This muscle is located on the front of the upper arm, with two heads. It flexes (bends) the forearm and also assists with supination (turning palm upwards).

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Brachioradialis

This muscle is located on the forearm and helps with flexion (bending) of the forearm. It plays a supporting role in this movement.

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Brachialis

This muscle sits deep under the biceps and is a primary flexor muscle of the forearm. It's the strongest flexor of the elbow joint.

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Pronator Teres

Located on the forearm, this muscle helps turn the palm downwards (pronation).

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Flexor Carpi Radialis

This muscle is a major player in flexing and abducting (moving away from the midline) the hand. It's located in the forearm.

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Palmaris Longus

This small muscle in the forearm assists in flexing the hand. It also tightens the skin and fascia of the palm.

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Study Notes

Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System

  • Skeletal muscles enable movement, including smiling, frowning, speaking, singing, breathing, dancing, running, and playing musical instruments.
  • Purposeful movements usually require the coordinated action of multiple skeletal muscles.

Classification of Skeletal Muscles

  • Prime Movers (Agonists): Muscles primarily responsible for a specific movement.
  • Antagonists: Muscles that oppose or reverse the movement of a prime mover. Their fibers are stretched and relaxed when the prime mover is active. Antagonists can also be prime movers in their own right.
  • Example: Biceps (flexion at the elbow) and triceps (extension at the elbow).
  • Synergists: Muscles that aid the action of agonists, either by assisting in the same movement or reducing unnecessary movements.
  • Fixators (Fixation Muscles): Specialized synergists that maintain posture and stabilize the origin of a prime mover so tension is exerted at the insertion point.
    • Muscles of the back stabilize the scapula during arm movements.

Naming Skeletal Muscles

  • Muscles are named based on various criteria:
    • Direction of muscle fibers: Rectus (straight), transverse, and oblique.
    • Muscle size: Maximus (largest), minimus (smallest), longus (long), and brevis (short).
    • Muscle location: Temporalis muscle overlies the temporal bone.
    • Number of origins: Biceps, triceps, and quadriceps (2, 3, and 4 origins, respectively).
    • Location of attachments: Sternocleidomastoid's origin on the sternum and clavicle, and insertion on the mastoid process of the temporal bone.
    • Muscle shape: Deltoids are triangular; trapezius is trapezoidal.
    • Muscle action: Adductor muscles of the thigh bring about adduction; extensors of the wrist extend the hand.

Patterns of Fascicle Arrangement in Muscles

  • Diagrams showing different fascicle arrangements (circular, convergent, fusiform, parallel, multipennate, bipennate, unipennate) are provided.

Identification of Human Muscles: Head and Neck

  • Muscles of facial expression differ from other skeletal muscles as they insert into skin or other muscles rather than bone.
  • This arrangement allows for wide ranges of facial expressions.
  • Muscles of mastication move the mandible during chewing.
  • Extrinsic eye muscles (6) control eye movement and aim.
  • Neck muscles control head and shoulder girdle movement.

Major Muscles of the Head-Facial Expression

  • Detailed table providing information on origin, insertion, and action of various facial muscles.

Major Muscles of the Head-Mastication Tables

  • Detailed information on origin, insertion, action, and characteristics of muscles of head and jaw movement.

Muscles of the Neck and Throat (Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid) Tables

  • Detail on origin, insertion, and action of muscles of the neck and throat, including suprahyoid and infrahyoid groups.

Identification of Human Muscles: Trunk

  • Trunk muscles move the vertebral column.
  • Anterior thorax muscles move the ribs, head, and arms.
  • Abdominal wall muscles (natural girdle) play a vital role in vertebral column movement.

Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column: Head Movements

  • Detailed table providing origin, insertion, and action of muscles that move the head and neck and how they work together.

Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column: Trunk Extension

  • Detailed table providing origin, insertion and action of muscles that extend and bend the vertebral column.

Muscles of the Thorax, Shoulder, and Abdominal Wall (continued)

  • Information on origin, insertion, and action of muscles of the thorax and shoulder, abdominal wall

Muscles of Respiration

  • Information on muscles involved in breathing, including origin, insertion, and function.

Muscles of the Abdominal Wall

  • Information on origin, insertion, and action of abdominal wall muscles.

Muscles of the Upper Limb

  • Muscles involved in moving the arm, forearm, and hand, categorized into groups and detailed functions.

Muscles of the Humerus (Arm) That Move the Forearm

  • List of muscles, their origins and insertions, and their roles in moving the forearm.

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers (Anterior-Superficial/Posterior-Superficial/Deep)

  • Muscle Tables provided for Muscles of the Forearm with origins, insertions and actions in superficial and deep groups.

Muscles of the Lower Limb

  • Information on muscles responsible for movement at the hip, knee, and ankle joints in the lower limb.
  • Muscles of the thigh cause movements at the multiaxial hip joint. - Include the iliopsoas, adductor group.
  • Muscles of the leg cause movements at the knee and ankle. - Include the hamstrings, quadriceps, tibialis

Muscles That Move the Thigh and Leg - Anterior and Medial Aspects

  • Information about the muscles and their functions found in the medial and anterior compartments of the thigh and leg

Muscles That Move the Human Thigh and Leg - Posterior Aspect

  • Muscles are presented, along with their origins, insertions, and functions in moving the posterior thigh and leg.

Muscles That Move the Foot and Ankle

  • information on muscles involved in moving the foot and ankle

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Description

Test your knowledge on the muscles of the human body with this quiz, focusing on their functions, movements, and roles in flexion, extension, and more. Discover how specific muscles contribute to various actions such as foot dorsiflexion, arm abduction, and forearm flexion.

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