Mūsā & Hārūn Part I

Lives of the Şahābah

• Muḥammad brought Islām to a society lacking law and order.
• Through patience and effort, Muḥammad improved society by focusing on the people around him.
• He opened hearts and minds to Islām, creating the first and best generation of Muslims.
• These companions, the ṣaḥābah, are considered the best humans after the Prophets of Allāh.
• The ṣaḥābah supported the Prophet with full dedication, developing a deep love for Allāh and Muḥammad.
• They made great sacrifices for Islām, with their patience and perseverance preserving the faith for later generations.
• Their upright character, sincerity, and commitment made them role models for Muslims.
• The Qur'an speaks highly of the ṣaḥābah, praising their soft hearts receptive to the Qur'an.
• They fully trusted Allāh (tawakkul), obeying all commands of Allāh and Muḥammad, leading to success.
• The ṣaḥābah fulfilled their purpose by worshipping Allāh, earning Allāh's pleasure.
• They encouraged right actions and discouraged wrong ones.
• Allāh filled their hearts with Īmān, making disbelief, sin, and disobedience unappealing.
• The Qur'an grants them glad tidings of being "rightly-guided".
• The Qur'an praises include their sincerity (48:18), selflessness (59:9), love and mercy (48:29), firmness of faith (58:22), taqwā (48:26), love of worship (39:9), patience (16:42), and cleanliness (9:108).
• These qualities made them the best believers.
• The ṣaḥābah preserved and spread Islām globally.
• Muḥammad influenced them immensely, purifying their hearts and filling them with wisdom. Allāh says: Muḥammad recites His revelations, purifies, and teaches them the Book and wisdom (62:2).
• Muḥammad trained the ṣaḥābah to lead and teach the Qur'an.
• Mu'adh ibn Jabal was sent to lead the people of Yemen.
• Ubayy ibn Ka'b was honored as the main scribe of wahy.
• The Prophet designated four companions as leaders in Qur'an study: Abdullah ibn Mas'ūd; Sālim, freed slave of Abū Hudhayfah; Mu'adh ibn Jabal; Ubayy ibn Ka'b.
• Many other ṣaḥābah became leading figures of knowledge after Muḥammad's death.
• Abdullah ibn 'Abbas was a key Qur'an commentator.
• 'Aishah was a learned woman who guided students in religious matters.
• The ṣaḥābah are central to understanding Islām and serve as examples for Muslims to follow.
• Poor muhājirūn complained to the Prophet about wealthy companions earning higher ranks through charity and freeing slaves.
• The Prophet advised reciting tasbih, tahmīd, and takbir 33 times after each ṣalāh to catch up in virtue.
• The wealthy companions began doing the same.
• The Prophet stated that it is Allāh's grace to grant whom He wishes.
• The Prophet compared the ṣaḥābah to stars and said "Stars are a source of security for the sky. My companions are a source of security for the ummah."
• Allāh guarantees guidance for those who follow them.
• Allah states in the Qur'an, those who believe as the ṣahābah believe are rightly guided (2:137).
• All ṣaḥābah deserve respect, regardless of rank, and are considered udul (trustworthy).
• They reliably conveyed the Qur'an and aḥādīth.
• The ṣaḥābah were careful about matters related to Islām, with some avoiding narration to prevent errors.
• Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr questioned his father, Zubayr ibn al-'Awwām, about his lack of narration.
• Zubayr replied he heard Muḥammad warn against deliberately misrepresenting him, punishable by Hellfire.
• Muslims shouldn't doubt the ṣaḥābah's character, sincerity, or trustworthiness.
• The ṣaḥābah maintained their status after the Prophet, and their character remains above criticism.
• The companions deserve love, respect, and honour.
• They are guiding stars for Muslims, crucial to understanding the Qur'an and Sunnah.
• The Prophet forbade abusing companions, stating charity equivalent to Mount Uhud wouldn't equal a handful spent by a companion.
• The Qur'an encourages remembering them in du'a's, asking for forgiveness for them and brotherhood (59:10).
• Muslims focus on following the ṣaḥābah's faith, knowledge, and religious practice.
• Muslims can also take inspiration from their skills and character.
• Salamah ibn al-Akwa's speed helped the early Muslim community; inspiration can be drawn from this.
• Hassan ibn Thabit used his skills to defend the Prophet, Muslims can use talents for work
• Uthman ibn Affan used his wealth to develop the Muslim community.
• Some ṣaḥābah passed away and are buried in various countries.
• Abū Ayyūb al-Anṣārī is buried in Eyüpsultan, Istanbul.
• Umm Harām bint Milhan is buried in Cyprus.
• Qutham ibn al-'Abbas is buried outside of Arabia, younger brother of 'Abdullah.
• Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqaṣ became the fair governor of Kūfah, following Muḥammad's Sunnah.
• Khalid ibn al-Walid was a military leader during Muḥammad's lifetime.
• Ja'far ibn Abi Talib was sent as an ambassador to Abyssinia before al-Najāshī.

Lives of the Şahābah Profiles of Significant Companions

• Salmān al-Fārisī came from Persia, born in Ramhormoz to a wealthy Zoroastrian family.
• He was deeply committed to seeking the truth.
• Muḥammad praised Salmān's quality, saying even if faith were at Thurayyā, Persians would attain it.
• Initially a Christian, Salmān studied with teachers, seeking the last Messenger.
• His final teacher described three signs to recognize the true Prophet.
• The true Prophet wouldn't eat from ṣadaqah but would eat hadiyyah (gift)
• He would have the khatam al-nubuwwah (seal of Prophethood) on his back.
• Salmān sought Muḥammad in Arabia, observing him closely.
• Recognizing the signs, he became Muslim and was called "the man of both scriptures" (Injil and the Qur'an).
• Salmān suggested digging trenches before the battle of Khandaq.
• Despite the method being uncommon among Arabs, Muḥammad praised and accepted Salmān's suggestion.
• Salmān passed away around the year 35 AH.
• 'Abdullah ibn Salām birth name was al-Husayn ibn Salām he was a descendant of Prophet Yūsuf.
• He was a knowledgeable rabbi in Madinah.
• His deep knowledge of the Tawrah (Torah) allowed him to recognize Muḥammad as the final Prophet.
• He stated upon seeing him, that his face cannot lie.
• Satisfied by Muḥammad's answers, al-Husayn ibn Salam became Muslim.
• Muḥammad changed his name to 'Abdullah.
• 'Abdullah ibn Salam was an expert in both the Tawrah and Qur'an.
• The Prophet said 'Abdullah ibn Salam is assured to go to Jannah.
• Abdullah ibn Salām passed awayd in the year 43 AH.
• Asmā bint Abī Bakr was from a ṣahābah family, daughter of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, wife of Zubayr ibn al-'Awwām, and sister of 'A'ishah.
• She helped the Muḥammad during the Hijrah and teared her belt which earned her the nickname "the one with two waistbands".
• Asma bint Abī Bakr remained courageous even when pregnant.
• She lived until 100, retaining her memory and teeth, and passed away in 73 AH.
• Umm Harām bint Milhān was sister of Umm Sulaym, maternal aunt of Anas and wife of 'Ubadah ibn al-Şāmit.
• Muḥammad told her of a dream about warriors sailing for Allāh.
• Umm Harām asked Muḥammad to to make du'a', and he fulfilled and did.
• Years later the dream was fulfilled and she was a part of the Muslims army in Cyprus who advanced accross the Mediterrean sea during the khilafah of 'Uthman.
• En route, she died a martyr, she tripped of her animal in 27 AH.
• Dedication: To devote oneself entirely to a task or purpose.
• Scribe: A person who copies/writes down a document.
• 'Udūl: Trustworthy.
• Martyr: A person who dies or is killed for the sake of Islām.
• Perseverance Being firm and not giving up doing something difficult.
• Muhajirūn: (The Emigrants) the companions who migrated from Makkah to Madinah at the event of the Hijrah.
• Wahy: Revelation from Allāh.

Muslim Contributions to Modern Civilization

• Muslims throughout history strived and were motivated by Islām to improve the world.
• Muslims excelled in Islamic scholarship, built world-class universities, hospitals, public libraries, and other services.
• Their efforts inspired humanity for centuries.
• Muslims made their mark from poetry to engineering, to scientists to sociologists and teachers to inventors.
• Muslims contributed to science, medicine and to creative arts enhancing human culture.
• The topic will explore the contributions of early Muslims.
• The Qur'an inspires humans to explore the natural world.
• Studying nature leads believers to awe Allāh's might (35:27-28).
• Such verses sparked a golden age, that expanded medicine. Allāh mentions bees in the Qur'an.
• "And your Lord inspired the bee, saying: 'Make your homes in the mountains.' in there comes from their bellies, a drink of varying color in which there is healing for humans" (16:68-69).
• Abū Bakr al-Rāzī investigated the psychology of animals, he wrote about humans treat animal kingdom.
• Fakhr al-Din al-Razi researched medicinal benefits of honey, including bees structure.
• A polymath is a person with broad knowledge for example, Abu was al-Bakr.
• Al-Rāzī was a expert philosophy, chemistry and astronomy.
• His wrote books on like smallpox and measles. Also, Al-Rāzī is credited with discoveries of alcohol acid.
• Muslims made contributions to art and design.
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