Muramyl Dipeptide and Dendritic Cells Activation

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What regions of the antibody molecule are responsible for facilitating interaction with antigens?

  • CH2 and VH
  • CDR1 and CDR3
  • Hinge region
  • CH1 and CL domains (correct)

Which antibody chains contain an extended sequence with no homology with other domains, called the hinge region?

  • β and γ heavy chains
  • γ, δ and α heavy chains (correct)
  • κ and λ light chains
  • β and ε heavy chains

What component of the antibody molecule contributes to increasing the maximum rotation of the Fab arms?

  • CH1 and CL domains (correct)
  • CH2 and CH3 domains
  • CDR1 and CDR3
  • VH and VL interactions

Which part of the heavy chain is rich in proline residues and provides segmental flexibility to IgG, IgD, and IgA?

<p>Hinge region (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the antibody molecule has conformational changes that can move 2.7Ã…?

<p>CDR3 region (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between immunogenicity and antigenicity?

<p>Immunogenicity is the ability to induce a specific immune response, while antigenicity is the ability to combine specifically with the final product of immune responses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are epitopes?

<p>Immunologically active regions of an immunogen where antibodies bind. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What family do antibodies belong to?

<p>Immunoglobulins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are haptens?

<p>Small molecules that are antigenic but unable to induce an immune response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist worked on the recognition of haptens by antibodies?

<p>Karl Landsteiner (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when haptens are modified in the para position with nonionic derivatives according to Karl Landsteiner's work?

<p>Cross reactivity is observed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oligosaccharide side chains in antibody molecules?

<p>Prevent contact between the appressed domains (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which domain of IgG, IgD, and IgA is separated by oligosaccharide side chains?

<p>CH2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the carboxy-terminal domain in secreted immunoglobulins (sIg)?

<p>Hydrophilic amino acids of variable length (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of B cell expresses mIgM and mIgD before antigen activation?

<p>Mature B cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What promotes opsonization in the immune response?

<p>Protein molecules called Fc receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the hinge-like features contribute to the function of μ and ε chains in antibodies?

<p>Enhance flexibility in antibody binding sites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of molecular size is considered an active immunogen?

<p>Heteropolymer of any size (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adjuvants when mixed with an antigen?

<p>They increase non-specific proliferation of lymphocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antigen presentation route is commonly used for boosters?

<p>Intramuscular (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the genotype of the recipient animal in immunogenicity?

<p>It affects the degree of immune response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antigens can induce B cell responses when appropriately presented?

<p>Insoluble macromolecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Freund's incomplete adjuvant?

<p>Enhance antigen persistence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic composition of B cell epitopes on native proteins?

<p>Hydrophilic amino acids on the protein surface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epitopes in glucagon elicited an antibody response in mice?

<p>Epitopes in the amino terminal portion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do B cell epitopes on protein antigens differ from T cell epitopes?

<p>B cell epitopes are located internally in the protein structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the experiment conducted by A Tiselius and E Kabat in 1939?

<p>Isolation of antibodies from serum fractions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are often found at the site of adjuvant injection?

<p>Macrophages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a protein is usually recognized by B cell epitopes?

<p>Tertiary structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards are hidden until you start studying

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser