Muramyl Dipeptide and Dendritic Cells Activation
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Questions and Answers

What regions of the antibody molecule are responsible for facilitating interaction with antigens?

  • CH2 and VH
  • CDR1 and CDR3
  • Hinge region
  • CH1 and CL domains (correct)

    • Which antibody chains contain an extended sequence with no homology with other domains, called the hinge region?

  • β and γ heavy chains
  • γ, δ and α heavy chains (correct)
  • κ and λ light chains
  • β and ε heavy chains

    • What component of the antibody molecule contributes to increasing the maximum rotation of the Fab arms?

  • CH1 and CL domains (correct)
  • CH2 and CH3 domains
  • CDR1 and CDR3
  • VH and VL interactions

    • Which part of the heavy chain is rich in proline residues and provides segmental flexibility to IgG, IgD, and IgA?

    <p>Hinge region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the antibody molecule has conformational changes that can move 2.7Å?

    <p>CDR3 region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between immunogenicity and antigenicity?

    <p>Immunogenicity is the ability to induce a specific immune response, while antigenicity is the ability to combine specifically with the final product of immune responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are epitopes?

    <p>Immunologically active regions of an immunogen where antibodies bind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What family do antibodies belong to?

    <p>Immunoglobulins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are haptens?

    <p>Small molecules that are antigenic but unable to induce an immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist worked on the recognition of haptens by antibodies?

    <p>Karl Landsteiner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when haptens are modified in the para position with nonionic derivatives according to Karl Landsteiner's work?

    <p>Cross reactivity is observed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oligosaccharide side chains in antibody molecules?

    <p>Prevent contact between the appressed domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain of IgG, IgD, and IgA is separated by oligosaccharide side chains?

    <p>CH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the carboxy-terminal domain in secreted immunoglobulins (sIg)?

    <p>Hydrophilic amino acids of variable length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of B cell expresses mIgM and mIgD before antigen activation?

    <p>Mature B cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What promotes opsonization in the immune response?

    <p>Protein molecules called Fc receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the hinge-like features contribute to the function of μ and ε chains in antibodies?

    <p>Enhance flexibility in antibody binding sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of molecular size is considered an active immunogen?

    <p>Heteropolymer of any size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adjuvants when mixed with an antigen?

    <p>They increase non-specific proliferation of lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antigen presentation route is commonly used for boosters?

    <p>Intramuscular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the genotype of the recipient animal in immunogenicity?

    <p>It affects the degree of immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antigens can induce B cell responses when appropriately presented?

    <p>Insoluble macromolecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Freund's incomplete adjuvant?

    <p>Enhance antigen persistence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic composition of B cell epitopes on native proteins?

    <p>Hydrophilic amino acids on the protein surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epitopes in glucagon elicited an antibody response in mice?

    <p>Epitopes in the amino terminal portion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do B cell epitopes on protein antigens differ from T cell epitopes?

    <p>B cell epitopes are located internally in the protein structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the experiment conducted by A Tiselius and E Kabat in 1939?

    <p>Isolation of antibodies from serum fractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are often found at the site of adjuvant injection?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a protein is usually recognized by B cell epitopes?

    <p>Tertiary structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

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