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Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of Local Self-Government?
What is the primary goal of Local Self-Government?
- To raise money to meet local expenses
- To ensure the betterment or welfare of every citizen (correct)
- To establish a distinct Government unit
- To provide civic services to the community
Which of the following types of municipal bodies is created under a Central Act?
Which of the following types of municipal bodies is created under a Central Act?
- Municipalities
- Cantonment Boards (correct)
- Notified Area Committees
- Municipal Corporation
What is the historical significance of Local Self-Government?
What is the historical significance of Local Self-Government?
- It is a modern concept
- It emerged after national government
- It preceded national government (correct)
- It is a colonial legacy
What is the key factor in the emergence of Urban Government as a distinct Government unit?
What is the key factor in the emergence of Urban Government as a distinct Government unit?
What is the primary function of municipal bodies in urban planning?
What is the primary function of municipal bodies in urban planning?
What is the significance of Local Self-Government in terms of communication?
What is the significance of Local Self-Government in terms of communication?
What is the significance of the 74th Constitutional Amendment in the context of Urban Government?
What is the significance of the 74th Constitutional Amendment in the context of Urban Government?
What is the primary challenge faced by municipal bodies in terms of finance?
What is the primary challenge faced by municipal bodies in terms of finance?
What was the primary focus of the third period of urban local government in India, from 1919 to 1935?
What was the primary focus of the third period of urban local government in India, from 1919 to 1935?
Which of the following is NOT a principle of local governance?
Which of the following is NOT a principle of local governance?
What is the primary function of the State Election Commission, established under the 74th Constitutional Amendment?
What is the primary function of the State Election Commission, established under the 74th Constitutional Amendment?
Which of the following is a challenge faced by urban local bodies in terms of municipal finance?
Which of the following is a challenge faced by urban local bodies in terms of municipal finance?
What is the primary objective of the Metropolitan Planning Committee, established under the 74th Constitutional Amendment?
What is the primary objective of the Metropolitan Planning Committee, established under the 74th Constitutional Amendment?
What is the significance of the 74th Constitutional Amendment, 1992, in the context of urban local government?
What is the significance of the 74th Constitutional Amendment, 1992, in the context of urban local government?
Which of the following is a key feature of the organizational structure of urban local government in India?
Which of the following is a key feature of the organizational structure of urban local government in India?
What is the primary objective of the District Planning Committee, established under the 74th Constitutional Amendment?
What is the primary objective of the District Planning Committee, established under the 74th Constitutional Amendment?
What was the major limitation of municipal bodies in India before the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992?
What was the major limitation of municipal bodies in India before the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992?
What was the primary reason for the state government's tendency to supersede municipalities before the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992?
What was the primary reason for the state government's tendency to supersede municipalities before the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992?
What is the significance of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, in the context of urban governance?
What is the significance of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, in the context of urban governance?
What is the purpose of the State Finance Commission, as per the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992?
What is the purpose of the State Finance Commission, as per the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992?
What is the minimum percentage of seats reserved for SCs/STs and women in municipalities, as per the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992?
What is the minimum percentage of seats reserved for SCs/STs and women in municipalities, as per the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992?
What is the fixed tenure of municipalities, as per the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992?
What is the fixed tenure of municipalities, as per the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992?
What is the consequence of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, on the powers of state governments to dissolve municipalities?
What is the consequence of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, on the powers of state governments to dissolve municipalities?
Which of the following is NOT a provision of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992?
Which of the following is NOT a provision of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992?
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Study Notes
Historical Evolution of Urban Local Government
- Urban local government in India has a long history, with local self-government preceding national government.
- Historically, local self-government had limited powers and autonomy.
Types of Municipal Bodies
- Municipal Corporation
- Municipalities
- Notified Area Committees
- Town Area Committees
- Cantonment Boards (created under the Central Act, Cantonments Act, 1924)
Local Self-Government
- Implies the management of local affairs such as water supply, drainage, primary education, and maintenance of roads.
- Goal is the betterment or welfare of every citizen.
- People of a locality possess a certain responsibility of public local affairs and raising money to meet expenses.
Urban Government
- Provides an extensive range of services to the people and performs functions of great variety and magnitude.
- Ensures two-way communication between the State Government and itself.
The Constitution (74th Amendment) Act, 1992
- Made the constitution of municipalities mandatory.
- Recognized the third-tier of elected representatives below the center and states.
- Requires direct election to a Municipality.
- Reserves one-third seats for SCs/STs and women.
- Lays down a fixed tenure of five years for municipalities.
- Severely restricts the powers of the state government to dissolve municipalities.
- Requires the State Finance Commission to review the financial position of municipalities and make recommendations to the Governor.
- Requires the State Election Commission to conduct elections of municipalities.
Organizational Structure of Urban Local Bodies
- Municipalities have limited powers and autonomy.
- State Governments often take the drastic step of superceding municipalities.
- The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 brought about a radical departure from the past structure of local governance.
Functional Domain of Municipalities
- Municipality's functional domain includes services such as water supply, drainage, primary education, and maintenance of roads.
- Constitutional provisions outline the functional domain of municipalities.
Municipal Finance
- Municipal finance is critical for the functioning of municipalities.
- Peoples participation, private-public partnership, professionalisation, and political support are essential for municipal finance.
Post-Independence Era
- There have been three phases of urban local government in India post-independence: 1947-1985, 1985-1992, and 1992 onwards.
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