Multivitamins for Specific Health Conditions

Which type of vitamins are stored in fat tissues and body oils?

Fat-soluble vitamins

What are the main functions of Vitamin A?

Vision, healthy skin, healthy mucous membranes, bone and tooth growth, and immune system function

Which type of vitamins are expelled quickly (except B12) in urine?

Water-soluble vitamins

What are the examples of fat-soluble vitamins?

Vitamin A, D, E, and K Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of B vitamins in the body?

Catalysts and substrates for metabolic processes Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin serves as an antioxidant to prevent free-radical damage and aids in immune function, cell-signaling, and gene expression?

Vitamin E Signup and view all the answers

What is the main risk factor or cause of Vitamin K deficiency in infants?

Broad spectrum antibiotic use Signup and view all the answers

What are the exogenous sources of Vitamin D?

Bloody animal products and green vegetables Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with Vitamin A deficiency in adults?

Blurred vision Signup and view all the answers

What is the acute symptom of Vitamin E over-supplementation?

Increased bleeding risk Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is stored in the body, except for B12?

Vitamin B9 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)?

Cofactor for production of collagen and catecholamines Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is regulated by cholecalciferol levels and has 99% stored in bones and teeth?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of Vitamin B3 (Niacin) toxicity?

Flushing, N/V, liver toxicity, glucose intolerance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of potassium in the body?

Muscle and nerve function Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency?

Chronic alcohol use disorder Signup and view all the answers

What can be a symptom of iron toxicity?

Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

Where is the majority of the body's calcium stored?

In the bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of vitamin B9 (Folic Acid) in pregnant women?

Reducing the risk of neural tube defects Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended supplementation for vegans and vegetarians?

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is absorbed exclusively in the proximal small intestine, especially the duodenum?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely cause of celiac disease?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which tropical area does tropical sprue affect?

Southeast Asia Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential treatment for bacterial overgrowth syndrome?

Broad-spectrum antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is caused by Tropheryma whipplei?

Whipple's disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of short-bowel syndrome?

Hyperoxaluria Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by osmotic diarrhea and suggests malabsorption syndrome?

Tropical sprue Signup and view all the answers

What can cause steatorrhea due to an abnormality in the intraluminal phase of lipid absorption?

Impaired bile salt production Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is associated with the increased intestinal absorption disorder known as Wilson's disease?

Copper Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by refeeding syndrome, and how does it manifest?

Short-bowel syndrome, with hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of lipid absorption does an abnormality cause steatorrhea?

Intraluminal (digestive) phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism underlying osmotic diarrhea in malabsorption syndromes?

Decreased dietary nutrient absorption Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can result from refeeding of malnourished patients?

Refeeding syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial treatment for malnourished patients at risk of refeeding syndrome?

Prolonged use of ceftriaxone Signup and view all the answers

What electrolyte imbalance may occur as a result of refeeding syndrome?

Hypophosphatemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily weight gain in adults during refeeding?

1 kg per week Signup and view all the answers

What baseline labs should be obtained before initiating refeeding in malnourished patients?

Basic metabolic panel (BMP) with phosphorous and magnesium Signup and view all the answers

What should be given before the start of refeeding to prevent thiamine deficiency?

Thiamine supplement only Signup and view all the answers

When should electrolyte replacements be given in malnourished patients during refeeding?

Only if serum levels are critically low Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial caloric intake recommended for the highest risk patients during refeeding?

25% of estimated caloric needs Signup and view all the answers