Multivitamins for Specific Health Conditions
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Questions and Answers

Which type of vitamins are stored in fat tissues and body oils?

  • Vitamin A, D, E, and K
  • Fat-soluble vitamins (correct)
  • Water-soluble vitamins
  • Vitamin B and C

    • What are the main functions of Vitamin A?

  • Excretion of waste products from the body
  • Vision, healthy skin, healthy mucous membranes, bone and tooth growth, and immune system function (correct)
  • Regulation of blood pressure
  • Energy production in the body

    • Which type of vitamins are expelled quickly (except B12) in urine?

  • Vitamin C
  • Fat-soluble vitamins
  • Water-soluble vitamins (correct)
  • Vitamin K

    • What are the examples of fat-soluble vitamins?

    <p>Vitamin A, D, E, and K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of B vitamins in the body?

    <p>Catalysts and substrates for metabolic processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin serves as an antioxidant to prevent free-radical damage and aids in immune function, cell-signaling, and gene expression?

    <p>Vitamin E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main risk factor or cause of Vitamin K deficiency in infants?

    <p>Broad spectrum antibiotic use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the exogenous sources of Vitamin D?

    <p>Bloody animal products and green vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with Vitamin A deficiency in adults?

    <p>Blurred vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acute symptom of Vitamin E over-supplementation?

    <p>Increased bleeding risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is stored in the body, except for B12?

    <p>Vitamin B9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)?

    <p>Cofactor for production of collagen and catecholamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is regulated by cholecalciferol levels and has 99% stored in bones and teeth?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of Vitamin B3 (Niacin) toxicity?

    <p>Flushing, N/V, liver toxicity, glucose intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of potassium in the body?

    <p>Muscle and nerve function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency?

    <p>Chronic alcohol use disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a symptom of iron toxicity?

    <p>Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the majority of the body's calcium stored?

    <p>In the bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of vitamin B9 (Folic Acid) in pregnant women?

    <p>Reducing the risk of neural tube defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended supplementation for vegans and vegetarians?

    <p>Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is absorbed exclusively in the proximal small intestine, especially the duodenum?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely cause of celiac disease?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tropical area does tropical sprue affect?

    <p>Southeast Asia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential treatment for bacterial overgrowth syndrome?

    <p>Broad-spectrum antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is caused by Tropheryma whipplei?

    <p>Whipple's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of short-bowel syndrome?

    <p>Hyperoxaluria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by osmotic diarrhea and suggests malabsorption syndrome?

    <p>Tropical sprue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause steatorrhea due to an abnormality in the intraluminal phase of lipid absorption?

    <p>Impaired bile salt production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is associated with the increased intestinal absorption disorder known as Wilson's disease?

    <p>Copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by refeeding syndrome, and how does it manifest?

    <p>Short-bowel syndrome, with hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of lipid absorption does an abnormality cause steatorrhea?

    <p>Intraluminal (digestive) phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism underlying osmotic diarrhea in malabsorption syndromes?

    <p>Decreased dietary nutrient absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can result from refeeding of malnourished patients?

    <p>Refeeding syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial treatment for malnourished patients at risk of refeeding syndrome?

    <p>Prolonged use of ceftriaxone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What electrolyte imbalance may occur as a result of refeeding syndrome?

    <p>Hypophosphatemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily weight gain in adults during refeeding?

    <p>1 kg per week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What baseline labs should be obtained before initiating refeeding in malnourished patients?

    <p>Basic metabolic panel (BMP) with phosphorous and magnesium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be given before the start of refeeding to prevent thiamine deficiency?

    <p>Thiamine supplement only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should electrolyte replacements be given in malnourished patients during refeeding?

    <p>Only if serum levels are critically low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial caloric intake recommended for the highest risk patients during refeeding?

    <p>25% of estimated caloric needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

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