Multivitamins for Specific Health Conditions
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Questions and Answers

Which type of vitamins are stored in fat tissues and body oils?

  • Vitamin A, D, E, and K
  • Fat-soluble vitamins (correct)
  • Water-soluble vitamins
  • Vitamin B and C

What are the main functions of Vitamin A?

  • Excretion of waste products from the body
  • Vision, healthy skin, healthy mucous membranes, bone and tooth growth, and immune system function (correct)
  • Regulation of blood pressure
  • Energy production in the body

Which type of vitamins are expelled quickly (except B12) in urine?

  • Vitamin C
  • Fat-soluble vitamins
  • Water-soluble vitamins (correct)
  • Vitamin K

What are the examples of fat-soluble vitamins?

<p>Vitamin A, D, E, and K (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of B vitamins in the body?

<p>Catalysts and substrates for metabolic processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin serves as an antioxidant to prevent free-radical damage and aids in immune function, cell-signaling, and gene expression?

<p>Vitamin E (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main risk factor or cause of Vitamin K deficiency in infants?

<p>Broad spectrum antibiotic use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the exogenous sources of Vitamin D?

<p>Bloody animal products and green vegetables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with Vitamin A deficiency in adults?

<p>Blurred vision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the acute symptom of Vitamin E over-supplementation?

<p>Increased bleeding risk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is stored in the body, except for B12?

<p>Vitamin B9 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)?

<p>Cofactor for production of collagen and catecholamines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is regulated by cholecalciferol levels and has 99% stored in bones and teeth?

<p>Calcium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of Vitamin B3 (Niacin) toxicity?

<p>Flushing, N/V, liver toxicity, glucose intolerance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of potassium in the body?

<p>Muscle and nerve function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency?

<p>Chronic alcohol use disorder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a symptom of iron toxicity?

<p>Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the majority of the body's calcium stored?

<p>In the bones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of vitamin B9 (Folic Acid) in pregnant women?

<p>Reducing the risk of neural tube defects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended supplementation for vegans and vegetarians?

<p>Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is absorbed exclusively in the proximal small intestine, especially the duodenum?

<p>Calcium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely cause of celiac disease?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tropical area does tropical sprue affect?

<p>Southeast Asia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential treatment for bacterial overgrowth syndrome?

<p>Broad-spectrum antibiotics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is caused by Tropheryma whipplei?

<p>Whipple's disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of short-bowel syndrome?

<p>Hyperoxaluria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by osmotic diarrhea and suggests malabsorption syndrome?

<p>Tropical sprue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause steatorrhea due to an abnormality in the intraluminal phase of lipid absorption?

<p>Impaired bile salt production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is associated with the increased intestinal absorption disorder known as Wilson's disease?

<p>Copper (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by refeeding syndrome, and how does it manifest?

<p>Short-bowel syndrome, with hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of lipid absorption does an abnormality cause steatorrhea?

<p>Intraluminal (digestive) phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism underlying osmotic diarrhea in malabsorption syndromes?

<p>Decreased dietary nutrient absorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can result from refeeding of malnourished patients?

<p>Refeeding syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial treatment for malnourished patients at risk of refeeding syndrome?

<p>Prolonged use of ceftriaxone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What electrolyte imbalance may occur as a result of refeeding syndrome?

<p>Hypophosphatemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily weight gain in adults during refeeding?

<p>1 kg per week (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What baseline labs should be obtained before initiating refeeding in malnourished patients?

<p>Basic metabolic panel (BMP) with phosphorous and magnesium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be given before the start of refeeding to prevent thiamine deficiency?

<p>Thiamine supplement only (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should electrolyte replacements be given in malnourished patients during refeeding?

<p>Only if serum levels are critically low (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial caloric intake recommended for the highest risk patients during refeeding?

<p>25% of estimated caloric needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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