Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of a multi-user operating system?
Which task can a user perform on their local working model in a multi-user operating system?
How does time-sharing benefit a multi-user operating system?
What type of operating systems can be considered as multi-user systems?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding single-user and multi-user operating systems?
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What distinguishes a Single User Multi-task Operating System from a Single User Single Task Operating System?
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Which of the following is NOT an advantage of a Multi-user Operating System?
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Which characteristic is NOT associated with the Linux Operating System?
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What is the primary purpose of authentication in Linux OS security?
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Which of the following best defines authorization in the context of Linux operating systems?
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Study Notes
Multiprocessor Systems
- Operating systems can utilize multiple processors for efficient performance.
- Allows for simultaneous processing of tasks by distributing workloads across processors.
Multi-User Operating Systems
- A single master system permits access to all network users, enabling remote interaction with their local version, termed 'working model.'
- Users can create, update, or delete files on their local model; changes are not visible to others until saved to the master system.
Characteristics of Multi-User Operating Systems
- Resource Sharing: Multiple users can access shared devices like printers and hard drives; users can share their documents as well.
- Multi-Tasking: Supports simultaneous execution of various tasks and programs.
- Time-Sharing: Alternates between user requests frequently, promoting efficient handling of multiple processes.
Single-user vs. Multi-user Systems
- Single User: Manages one resource at a time; examples include MS-DOS.
- Multi-User: Handles multiple resources concurrently; examples include Linux, Unix, Windows 2000/2003.
- Single-user systems also include single-task and multi-task variations.
- Multi-user systems maintain a database of users, allowing simultaneous access without waiting for others to finish.
Advantages of Multi-User Operating Systems
- Increased system efficiency as different users can collaborate on the same document.
Disadvantages of Multi-User Operating Systems
- Vulnerable to private data sharing issues and potential virus attacks.
Characteristics of Linux OS
- Features multitasking, multi-user capabilities, portability, security, communication, GUI, customizable keyboards, a robust file system, and open-source attributes.
Security Concepts in Linux
- Authentication: Utilizes passwords and user names to verify identity.
- Authorization: Provides file-level permissions (read, write, execute) to manage access.
- Encryption: Encodes files into cyphertext for protection against unauthorized access.
Structure of Linux Operating System
- Composed of the kernel, system libraries, system tools, development tools, and end-user tools.
Kernel Responsibilities
- Core component of the OS; manages resource communication, memory, processes, and system calls.
System Libraries
- Facilitate access to kernel features, enabling applications to trigger kernel functions through standardized procedures.
System Tools
- Utilizes command-based utilities for file management, data manipulation, and location changes.
Development Tools
- Additional tools and libraries to enhance and modify the operating system's functionality.
End User Tools
- Tailored applications such as graphic design software, office suites, and multimedia players that shape user experience.
Differences Between Unix and Linux
- Linux: Open-source, widely used across various platforms including PCs and smartphones; free to use and develop collaboratively.
- Unix: Proprietary, designed primarily for servers and workstations; costs vary by vendor, developed by AT&T Labs.
Linux File System Types
- Ext: An outdated file system.
- Ext2: Allowed 2 terabytes but lacked advanced features.
- Ext3: Improved upon Ext2 with backward compatibility but limited support for file recovery.
Linux OS Architecture
- Kernel: Core functionality and direct hardware interaction.
- Hardware layer: Comprises peripheral devices like RAM, HDD, and CPU.
- Shell: Interface between user and kernel, supports command execution.
- System Libraries and Utilities: Enable functionality and perform specific tasks.
Types of Kernels
- Monolithic Kernel: All system services run in kernel space.
- Micro Kernel: Minimal services in the kernel, with additional services running in user space.
- Exokernel: Allows application-level management of resources.
- Hybrid Kernel: Combines aspects of monolithic and micro kernels for flexibility.
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Description
Test your knowledge on multiprocessor systems and multi-user operating systems. This quiz covers how the operating system utilizes multiple processors and the working model for network users. Explore concepts related to file access, updates, and system architecture.
