Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of T-cells?
Preventing autoimmune actions
What is the role of Oligodendroglial cells in response to demyelination?
Contributing to Remyelination
What does 'normal shrinking' typically signify?
Aging
Which component prevents the transformation of Sclera into Myelin?
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What is the main purpose of MRI assessment in this context?
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Study Notes
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
- MS is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with unknown cause.
- Manifestations of MS include Upper Motor Neuron Lesions (UMNL), resulting in Hypertonia and Hyperphasia.
- MS primarily affects young adults between 20-40 years old.
- The most common sign of MS is Optic Neuritis (80-95%), often the first sign of the disease.
Epidemiology
- MS affects females more than males, with a 40% higher incidence.
- Men with MS are more likely to have an aggressive course of the disease.
- MS is not hereditary, but individuals with a family history are three times more susceptible to developing the disease.
Predisposing Factors
- Infections
- Smoking
- White race
- Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
- BMI < 25
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Positive family history
Case Presentation
- A patient may present with fatigue, psychological disturbances, and involuntary movement, making MS a possible diagnosis.
- The presence of multiple predisposing factors increases the likelihood of MS.
Pathophysiology
- (Note: The provided link is not included in the study notes. Focus on the key facts provided in the text.)
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