Stanbridge - T6 - Neuro2 - W6 - Multiple Sclerosis

Which of the following is characteristic of the epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?

What is the underlying cause of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?

Patches of demyelination in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord, leading to decreased responsiveness of the nervous system, are most closely related to which of the following?

Which cell type is primarily responsible for creating the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

A patient reports experiencing an initial episode of neurological symptoms consistent with MS that lasted for 24 hours. According to the material, what is the MOST appropriate classification?

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of Copaxone in the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis?

A patient with MS reports a new onset of blurred vision, which worsens later in the day at the gym. This is MOST consistent with:

What is the MOST likely cause of urinary retention as a clinical feature of Multiple Sclerosis?

Which diagnostic finding would be MOST indicative of Multiple Sclerosis?

A patient with MS is experiencing increased muscle spasms. Which of the following medications would be MOST appropriate to address this symptom?

What recommendation should a therapist emphasize regarding strength training for a patient with Multiple Sclerosis?

A physical therapist is treating a patient with MS who exhibits ataxia. Which intervention would be MOST appropriate?

To improve proprioceptive awareness, what interventions would be MOST appropriate for your patient?

A patient with MS presents with moderate spasticity. According to the provided resource material, which AFO might be contraindicated?

Which of the following is a negative aspect of using a double upright metal with articulating ankle joint AFO?

What is the percent chance that a child will get Huntington's disease if one of their parents has it?

All of the following describe the signs and symptoms of Huntington's disease, EXCEPT:

Which of the following motor symptoms is associated with Huntington's Disease?

If you observe involuntary movements affective all muscles of the body in your patient, which is the MOST appropriate term to use?

Select the medication which is NOT used to treat chorea:

What is the MOST common mental health condition associated with Huntington's Disease?

In the early stages of Huntington's disease, what is a key role for the physical therapist?

Which of the following exercises has the MOST support (evidence) for improving function in patients with Huntington's Disease?

Which guideline is BEST to follow when treating patients with distractibility and agitation?

What is the definition of motor control?

Which stage of motor control involves the ability to maintain a steady position in a weight-bearing, antigravity posture?

Motor learning is BEST described by which description?

During which stage of Fitts' stages of motor learning is the task new to the learner, requiring active thought about the goal?

In which phase of motor learning should extrinsic feedback be VERY limited?

Which of the following types of feedback is MOST effective for long-term motor learning?

A patient with Multiple Sclerosis is learning to use crutches. For optimal motor learning, which practice schedule is MOST effective?

What type of learning involves associating stimuli and responses through repetition?

A patient is learning a new balance strategy that requires dividing their attention from the task itself. Which type of attention is being challenged?

Which area of the brain is MOST crucial for higher-level cognitive functions such as working memory, attention control, and abstract thinking?

All of the following are clinical strategies for improving working memory EXCEPT:

Which change in motor performance is typical for Older Adults to display in comparison to younger adults?

Which clinical finding is MOST associated with dysesthesias in patients with Multiple Sclerosis?

A patient with MS reports experiencing graying and blurring of vision. Which condition is MOST likely contributing to these symptoms:

Which of the following BEST describes scanning speech, often seen in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis?

A patient with MS reports that their fatigue increases with elevated ambient temperatures. This is MOST consistent with which phenomenon?

A patient with MS is experiencing difficulties with problem-solving, short-term memory, and visual-spatial perception. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of these cognitive impairments?

What combination of clinical findings is required to confirm a Multiple Sclerosis diagnosis?

Which medication is designed to shorten the duration of acute attacks in multiple sclerosis?

When initiating strength training for a patient with MS, which strategy is MOST important to implement?

A patient with MS is beginning a non-fatiguing strengthening protocol. How long should the patient contract their muscles during each non-fatiguing strengthening exercise?

A physical therapist is developing a spasticity management plan for a patient with MS. Which intervention should be MOST appropriate?

When performing PNF techniques for a patient with spasticity, what is the MOST appropriate component to incorporate?

A patient with MS is experiencing ataxia. Which intervention is MOST suitable for improving coordination and control?

What is the overarching goal for physical therapy management in the EARLY stages of Huntington's disease?

Which of the following BEST describes chorea, a common movement disorder associated with Huntington's disease?

During the middle stage of Huntington's disease, patients may exhibit several motor and cognitive changes. Which of the following BEST describes the typical impairments?

Which of the following interventions has the strongest evidence for improving outcomes in patients with Huntington's Disease?

According to clinical practice guidelines, what is the recommendation for balance exercises in persons with HD?

What factor related to Huntington's Disease should be considered when performing physical therapy in a home environment?

Which of the following strategies would be most helpful in treating a patient with HD who is easily distracted?

What is the role of the therapist during the associative stage of motor learning?

Which of the following is MOST representative of the mobility stage of motor control?

A physical therapist is using verbal cues to guide a patient's movements during a new exercise. At which stage of motor learning is the patient MOST likely functioning?

Which of the following is BEST to incorporate during the autonomous stage of motor learning?

What form of feedback is useful to use to provide at the end of the task?

If a patient is unable to self-correct using internal feedback, what can the PTA do?

A therapist is teaching a patient with impaired motor control to reach for a glass of water. The therapist initially provides feedback after every trial, but then gradually reduces the frequency of feedback as the patient's performance improves. Which type of feedback schedule are they utilizing?

A physical therapist is working with a patient on a complex motor task and wants to enhance long-term retention and skill transfer. Which practice method would be MOST effective?

What is the definition of non-associative learning?

The ability to learn a task by forming movement habits through repetitive practice describes which of the following types of learning?

A patient is performing a balance exercise while simultaneously reciting a list of words. This dual-task activity primarily challenges which type of attention?

Which of the following is MOST crucial for the ability to focus attention and filter out distractions?

Increased difficulty with bimanual coordination in older adults is MOST closely related to which factor?

What type of practice is beneficial use with children?

In motor learning, what does the term "distributed practice" mean?

What type of memory is involved in a task that requires sustained attention?

In order to improve motor learning and attention, what is something that the patient requires?

Which of the following strategies is MOST likely to improve working memory for patients with neurological conditions?

Which statement BEST relates the role of experience to motor control?

Which of the following is an example of 'distributed practice' in motor learning?

In the context of ataxia management, which of the following interventions aims to improve coordination and control by increasing proprioceptive awareness?

A patient with MS is in the cognitive stage of learning a new sit-to-stand transfer. What is the MOST appropriate intervention?

What type of learning is involved when a patient with Huntington's disease gradually improves their ability to perform activities of daily living through repeated practice and habit formation?

A physical therapist is treating a patient with Huntington's disease who exhibits agitation and impulsivity. Which strategy is MOST appropriate for managing these behaviors during therapy sessions?

A patient in the middle stages of Huntington's disease is prescribed gait training. To address the cognitive and motor challenges, which approach is MOST suitable:

What is the MOST accurate description of the 'associative' stage of motor learning?

A patient with MS reports increased fatigue during exercise. Which intervention strategy is MOST appropriate to manage this symptom?

You are working with a patient with ataxia on PNF techniques and want to incorporate rhythmic stabilization. What is the PRIMARY goal of this technique?

Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of 'divided attention'?