WK 1: Blood Haemoglobin and Respiratory Systems
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system in supporting cell activity?

  • To regulate blood pressure
  • To remove CO2 from the bloodstream
  • To synthesize new enzymes
  • To transport oxygen to cells (correct)

    • What is the normal mechanism of oxygen transport to cells?

  • Active transport through cell membranes
  • Transport via the cardiovascular system
  • Attachment to haemoglobin in red blood cells (correct)
  • Direct diffusion through the bloodstream

    • What is the significance of the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve?

  • It shows the relationship between CO2 and haemoglobin
  • It represents the normal arterial and mixed venous points (correct)
  • It illustrates the role of the cardiovascular system in oxygen transport
  • It describes the attachment of oxygen to haemoglobin

    • What is the primary mechanism of CO2 transport in the bloodstream?

    <p>Dissolved in the plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental role of the cardiovascular system in supporting cell activity?

    <p>To transport oxygen and nutrients to cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of red blood cells lacking a nucleus?

    <p>They cannot make new enzymes or replace damaged haemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the need of a specialized transport system in larger organisms?

    <p>To overcome the limitation of diffusion over long distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the alveoli in the context of gas exchange?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of CO2 and O2 between the blood and the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do alveoli without surfactant tend to close?

    <p>Due to the surface tension of the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance that gas must diffuse between the alveolar airspace and blood?

    <p>0.5 µm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of having inadequate surfactant in the lungs, as seen in hyaline membrane disease?

    <p>The alveoli are filled with exudate and cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the heart in the context of the circulatory system?

    <p>To pump blood throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of blood that is responsible for oxygen transport?

    <p>Erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the percentage of blood that is made up of red cells?

    <p>Haematocrit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of albumin in plasma?

    <p>Carrying free fatty acids and other lipid-soluble compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the 'buffy coat' layer in a centrifuged blood sample?

    <p>Containing white cells and platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a fluid that has the same concentration of solutes as the body's extracellular fluid?

    <p>Isotonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of immunoglobulins in plasma?

    <p>Immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes?

    <p>To convert CO2 to bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of insufficient oxygen in the inspired gas mixture?

    <p>Hypoxic hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of failure to get oxygen to mitochondria?

    <p>Hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of carbon monoxide poisoning on haemoglobin?

    <p>It decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of haemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the failure of oxygenated blood to reach the tissues?

    <p>Stagnant hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the buffering capacity of the blood?

    <p>It regulates blood pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mitochondrion in cellular respiration?

    <p>To generate energy for the cell through ATP production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct of energy production in mitochondria?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of surfactant in the alveoli?

    <p>To decrease surface tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the alveoli?

    <p>To facilitate gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the diaphragm contracting during inspiration?

    <p>The volume of the chest cavity increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells line the alveoli and facilitate gas exchange?

    <p>Type I cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

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