WK 1: Blood Haemoglobin and Respiratory Systems

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system in supporting cell activity?

To regulate blood pressure
To remove CO2 from the bloodstream
To synthesize new enzymes
To transport oxygen to cells (correct)

What is the normal mechanism of oxygen transport to cells?

Active transport through cell membranes
Transport via the cardiovascular system
Attachment to haemoglobin in red blood cells (correct)
Direct diffusion through the bloodstream

What is the significance of the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve?

It shows the relationship between CO2 and haemoglobin
It represents the normal arterial and mixed venous points (correct)
It illustrates the role of the cardiovascular system in oxygen transport
It describes the attachment of oxygen to haemoglobin

What is the primary mechanism of CO2 transport in the bloodstream?

Dissolved in the plasma (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental role of the cardiovascular system in supporting cell activity?

To transport oxygen and nutrients to cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of red blood cells lacking a nucleus?

They cannot make new enzymes or replace damaged haemoglobin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the need of a specialized transport system in larger organisms?

To overcome the limitation of diffusion over long distances (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the context of gas exchange?

To facilitate the exchange of CO2 and O2 between the blood and the atmosphere (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why do alveoli without surfactant tend to close?

Due to the surface tension of the alveoli (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance that gas must diffuse between the alveolar airspace and blood?

0.5 µm (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of having inadequate surfactant in the lungs, as seen in hyaline membrane disease?

The alveoli are filled with exudate and cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the heart in the context of the circulatory system?

To pump blood throughout the body (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of blood that is responsible for oxygen transport?

Erythrocytes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the percentage of blood that is made up of red cells?

Haematocrit (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of albumin in plasma?

Carrying free fatty acids and other lipid-soluble compounds (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the 'buffy coat' layer in a centrifuged blood sample?

Containing white cells and platelets (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a fluid that has the same concentration of solutes as the body's extracellular fluid?

Isotonic (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of immunoglobulins in plasma?

Immune response (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes?

To convert CO2 to bicarbonate (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of insufficient oxygen in the inspired gas mixture?

Hypoxic hypoxia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of failure to get oxygen to mitochondria?

Hypoxia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of carbon monoxide poisoning on haemoglobin?

It decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of haemoglobin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the failure of oxygenated blood to reach the tissues?

Stagnant hypoxia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the buffering capacity of the blood?

It regulates blood pH (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mitochondrion in cellular respiration?

To generate energy for the cell through ATP production (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of energy production in mitochondria?

Carbon dioxide (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of surfactant in the alveoli?

To decrease surface tension (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the alveoli?

To facilitate gas exchange (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the diaphragm contracting during inspiration?

The volume of the chest cavity increases (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells line the alveoli and facilitate gas exchange?

Type I cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Respiratory System's Function

Transports oxygen to cells for cell activity.

Oxygen Transport Mechanism

Oxygen attaches to haemoglobin in red blood cells.