Podcast
Questions and Answers
How does the pH change during the mugwort extract fermentation process?
How does the pH change during the mugwort extract fermentation process?
- pH remains constant throughout the fermentation.
- pH initially decreases and then slightly increases at the end of fermentation. (correct)
- pH increases steadily throughout the fermentation.
- pH initially increases and then decreases at the end of fermentation.
Which of the following describes the trend observed in reducing sugar content during mugwort extract fermentation?
Which of the following describes the trend observed in reducing sugar content during mugwort extract fermentation?
- Reducing sugar content increases steadily throughout fermentation. (correct)
- Reducing sugar content decreases initially, then increases.
- Reducing sugar content decreases gradually.
- Reducing sugar content remains constant.
What happens to the sucrose content during the fermentation of mugwort extract?
What happens to the sucrose content during the fermentation of mugwort extract?
- Sucrose content fluctuates depending on the yeast species.
- Sucrose content remains stable throughout fermentation.
- Sucrose content decreases as fermentation progresses. (correct)
- Sucrose content increases as fermentation progresses.
Which of the following yeast species was observed to dominate early in the mugwort extract fermentation process?
Which of the following yeast species was observed to dominate early in the mugwort extract fermentation process?
Which yeast species tends to become dominant in later stages of mugwort extract fermentation?
Which yeast species tends to become dominant in later stages of mugwort extract fermentation?
How are lactic acid bacteria and yeast counts generally affected during mugwort extract fermentation?
How are lactic acid bacteria and yeast counts generally affected during mugwort extract fermentation?
What is the major volatile compound identified in mugwort extract fermentation?
What is the major volatile compound identified in mugwort extract fermentation?
How does the concentration of 3-methyl-1-butanol change during mugwort extract fermentation?
How does the concentration of 3-methyl-1-butanol change during mugwort extract fermentation?
What is the general trend observed in soluble phenolics content during mugwort extract fermentation?
What is the general trend observed in soluble phenolics content during mugwort extract fermentation?
How are DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and reducing power (FRAP) generally affected during the fermentation of mugwort extract?
How are DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and reducing power (FRAP) generally affected during the fermentation of mugwort extract?
What is the primary method used to extract the mugwort in this study?
What is the primary method used to extract the mugwort in this study?
Which analytical technique was utilized to identify and quantify the volatile compounds present in the mugwort extract during fermentation?
Which analytical technique was utilized to identify and quantify the volatile compounds present in the mugwort extract during fermentation?
Which scientific rationale supports the selection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for initiating fermentation in mugwort extracts?
Which scientific rationale supports the selection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for initiating fermentation in mugwort extracts?
Which method is employed to analyze reducing sugars within samples?
Which method is employed to analyze reducing sugars within samples?
Based on compositional changes during fermentation, which conversion is most likely to contribute to alcohol percentage increase?
Based on compositional changes during fermentation, which conversion is most likely to contribute to alcohol percentage increase?
Which factor best explains the gradual decrease in bacterial and yeast counts during the extended fermentation of plant extracts?
Which factor best explains the gradual decrease in bacterial and yeast counts during the extended fermentation of plant extracts?
What role does the invertase enzyme fulfill during the fermentation of plant extracts containing sucrose?
What role does the invertase enzyme fulfill during the fermentation of plant extracts containing sucrose?
Why might ABTS assay reveal higher antioxidant activities than DPPH assay?
Why might ABTS assay reveal higher antioxidant activities than DPPH assay?
What rationale supports the measurement of antioxidant activity?
What rationale supports the measurement of antioxidant activity?
Which major class of compounds is likely responsible for the increased antioxidant activity observed during fermentation?
Which major class of compounds is likely responsible for the increased antioxidant activity observed during fermentation?
What is the direct purpose of using primers in PCR amplification during microbial diversity analysis of fermented extracts?
What is the direct purpose of using primers in PCR amplification during microbial diversity analysis of fermented extracts?
What principle underlies FRAP assay's assessment of antioxidative capacity?
What principle underlies FRAP assay's assessment of antioxidative capacity?
What role does cellular morphology analysis primarily perform with relation to monitoring yeast ecology and identifying strains?
What role does cellular morphology analysis primarily perform with relation to monitoring yeast ecology and identifying strains?
Which molecular marker is most often assessed for identifying and classifying species present within yeast communities, when examining diversity?
Which molecular marker is most often assessed for identifying and classifying species present within yeast communities, when examining diversity?
In the context of this mugwort fermentation study, how can certain fermentation conditions impact the relationship between specific volatile compounds and antioxidative stability?
In the context of this mugwort fermentation study, how can certain fermentation conditions impact the relationship between specific volatile compounds and antioxidative stability?
Which approach is used to extract and concentrate volatile aroma compounds from fermented samples?
Which approach is used to extract and concentrate volatile aroma compounds from fermented samples?
What is the ultimate goal?
What is the ultimate goal?
At Which degree Celcius is the best to incubate microbial material?
At Which degree Celcius is the best to incubate microbial material?
What happens after about four months?
What happens after about four months?
After finding Saccharomyces cerevisiaewhat what is most likely to be discovered?
After finding Saccharomyces cerevisiaewhat what is most likely to be discovered?
According to document in which months are best to extract mugwort?
According to document in which months are best to extract mugwort?
According to document which family species does mugwort(Artemisia sp.) belong to?
According to document which family species does mugwort(Artemisia sp.) belong to?
Flashcards
Plant extract fermented beverages
Plant extract fermented beverages
Liquid fermented beverages made from fruits, vegetables, or herbs using sugar solubilization.
Lactic Acid Bacteria
Lactic Acid Bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria involved in plant extract fermentation.
Yeast
Yeast
Eukaryotic microorganisms involved in plant extract fermentation.
Titratable Acidity Measurement
Titratable Acidity Measurement
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Brix Measurement
Brix Measurement
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DNS Assay
DNS Assay
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Chromatography
Chromatography
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Spectrophotometer
Spectrophotometer
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Fermentation
Fermentation
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rDNA sequencing
rDNA sequencing
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Antioxidants
Antioxidants
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DPPH Assay
DPPH Assay
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ABTS Assay
ABTS Assay
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FRAP Assay
FRAP Assay
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Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl alcohol
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3-methyl-1-butanol
3-methyl-1-butanol
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Oxalic acid
Oxalic acid
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Phenolics Content
Phenolics Content
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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C. lactis-condensi
C. lactis-condensi
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Study Notes
- This study investigates the yeast diversity and aroma component changes during the mugwort extract fermentation process.
Background
- Plant extract fermented beverages use over 50 kinds of ingredients.
- Fruits, vegetables, herbs, and seaweeds are fermented with the help of lactic acid bacteria and yeast.
- There's a lack of research on microbial diversity and aromas involved in plant extract fermentation.
Objectives
- To study physicochemical properties, yeast diversity, aromas, and antioxidant activity during mugwort extract fermentation
Materials and Methods
- Mugwort was collected in Hadong, Korea in May 2012, washed, and drained.
- White sugar was purchased for sugar content adjustment.
- Standard organic acids, sugars, and reagents were supplied by Difco, Sigma-Aldrich, and J.T.Baker.
- Five kilograms of mugwort mixed with 5 kg of white sugar and then extracted at room temperature for 10 days and filtered.
- Ten liters of solution was fermented in bottle type closures for 120 days
Key Findings
- As the mugwort extract was fermenting, the pH decreased from 5.24 to 4.78 which increased acidity.
- Reducing sugar increased. Alcohol content was 5.0%.
- Sugar content remained mostly the same
- Sucrose decreased, while glucose and fructose increased.
- Major organic acids were oxalic and succinic acid.
- Oxalic acid increased, but succinic acid remained relatively consistent.
- Lactic acid bacteria and yeast counts reduced due to high osmotic pressure.
- The 7 yeast species identified in mugwort included; Candida lactis-condensi, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Hyphopichia burtonii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces paradoxus, Torulaspora delbrueckii, and Zygosaccharomyces pseudorouxii
- S. cerevisiae was highest at 95.0% after 30 days of fermentation
- The C. lactis-condensi 60 days grew to 100%
- Main aroma components changed:
- 3-methyl-1-butanol decreased.
- Benzyl alcohol, phenylethyl alcohol, and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde presence increased.
- S. cerevisiae initially dominates, then C. lactis-condensi dominated later on.
- Soluble phenolics content increased during fermentation and, similarly, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and FRAP increased
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