Mughal Empire History

Established in 1526 by Babur, a Central Asian ruler
Lasted until 1756, with a decline in power after 1707
Covered a vast territory, including present-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and parts of Afghanistan

Babur (1526-1530): Founder of the Mughal Empire, known for his military campaigns and cultural achievements
Akbar (1556-1605): Expanded the empire, promoted religious tolerance, and established a centralized administrative system
Shah Jahan (1628-1658): Built the Taj Mahal, a famous mausoleum, and expanded the empire further
Aurangzeb (1658-1707): Last major Mughal ruler, known for his military campaigns and religious conservatism

Mughal Architecture: Blend of Islamic, Persian, and Indian styles, characterized by use of arches, domes, and intricate decorations
Literature: Flourishing of Persian and Urdu literature, with famous poets like Ghalib and Mirza
Art: Development of Mughal miniature painting, which depicted scenes from royal courts and daily life

Land Revenue System: Introduced by Akbar, which divided land into four categories and established a system of taxation
Centralized Administration: Divided the empire into provinces, with a governor and a bureaucracy
Trade and Commerce: Flourishing of trade, with the establishment of trade routes and a strong merchant class

Decline: Due to internal strife, wars with neighboring kingdoms, and the rise of European powers
Legacy: Lasting impact on Indian culture, architecture, and cuisine, with many Mughal-era monuments and buildings still standing today

Established in 1526 by Babur, a Central Asian ruler who expanded the empire through military campaigns
Lasted for 230 years until 1756, with a decline in power starting from 1707
Covered a vast territory, including present-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and parts of Afghanistan

Babur (1526-1530): Founder of the Mughal Empire, known for his military campaigns and cultural achievements, including introducing Persian as the court language
Akbar (1556-1605): Expanded the empire by conquering Rajput kingdoms, promoted religious tolerance, and established a centralized administrative system, dividing the empire into provinces
Shah Jahan (1628-1658): Built the Taj Mahal, a famous mausoleum, and expanded the empire further, with a emphasis on architecture and the arts
Aurangzeb (1658-1707): Last major Mughal ruler, known for his military campaigns against the Marathas and Sikhs, and religious conservatism, imposing Sharia law

Mughal Architecture: Characterized by use of arches, domes, and intricate decorations, blending Islamic, Persian, and Indian styles
Literature: Flourishing of Persian and Urdu literature, with famous poets like Ghalib and Mirza, and the translation of Sanskrit works into Persian
Art: Development of Mughal miniature painting, which depicted scenes from royal courts and daily life, using vivid colors and intricate designs

Land Revenue System: Introduced by Akbar, dividing land into four categories and establishing a system of taxation, based on crop yields and land quality
Centralized Administration: Divided the empire into provinces, with a governor and a bureaucracy, to maintain law and order and collect taxes
Trade and Commerce: Flourishing of trade, with the establishment of trade routes, and a strong merchant class, including Indians, Persians, and Arabs

Decline: Due to internal strife, wars with neighboring kingdoms, and the rise of European powers, including the East India Company
Legacy: Lasting impact on Indian culture, architecture, and cuisine, with many Mughal-era monuments and buildings still standing today, including the Taj Mahal and Red Fort