12 Questions
What were cotton and sugarcane known as by the Mughal State?
Jins-i Kamil
What was the main purpose of presenting khilats in the Mughal Empire?
To honor loyal subjects and reward their service
Which crops were considered 'Jins-i Kamil par excellence' by the Mughal State?
Cotton and Sugarcane
What did 'Naqdi' refer to in Mughal financial transactions?
Payment made in cash or immediate transfer of funds
What marked the beginning of the Ilahi era in the Mughal Empire?
Akbar's ascension to the throne
Which Mughal Emperor introduced the Shamsi coin and based it on the solar calendar?
Akbar
What was the role of an 'Amlaguzar' in the Mughal administrative system?
Overseeing revenue collection and finances
'Jalali' coins were minted during which Mughal Emperor's reign?
Shah Jahan
Where was Bengal famous for its crop production according to the text?
Sugar
What was the primary reason for using the term 'Shinsah' in the context of the Mughal Empire?
To signify the ruler's grand title 'King of Kings'
What differentiated the troops known as 'Sawar' within the Mughal Empire?
They were under the direct command of the Emperor
What do the terms Kharif and Rabi refer to in Mughal agriculture?
Autumn and Spring planting seasons
Study Notes
Mughal Agriculture
- Cotton and sugarcane were considered "Jins-i Kamil" or perfect crops by the Mughal state.
- The Mughal state encouraged peasants to cultivate these crops as they generated more revenue.
- Agriculture was organized around two major seasonal cycles: Kharif (autumn) and Rabi (spring).
Mughal Administration
- "Amlaguzar" was an official responsible for revenue and finances in a specific area or district.
- The Amlaguzar oversaw the collection of taxes, land revenue, and other financial matters.
Mughal Currency
- "Shamsi" was a gold coin minted during the Mughal period, named after the solar calendar introduced by Akbar.
- "Jalali" was a silver coin minted during the reign of Shah Jahan, named after the Islamic lunar calendar year.
Mughal Time Measurement
- The "Ilahi" was a unit of measurement for time introduced by Emperor Akbar as part of his administrative and religious reforms.
- The Ilahi calendar was a hybrid of the Islamic lunar calendar and the Hindu solar calendar.
Mughal Titles
- "Shinsah" and "Shahenshah" were titles used by Mughal emperors, meaning "King of Kings" or "Emperor".
Mughal Military
- "Sawar" referred to troops raised by the Emperor but not paid directly by the state, placed under the charge of Mansabdars.
Explore the significance of cotton and sugarcane as 'Jins-i Kamil' crops in the Mughal state, and how agriculture was organized around the Kharif and rabi seasonal cycles. Learn about the impact of cultivating these perfect crops on the revenue generated by peasants.
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