Mucosal Defense Characteristics

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of peristalsis in the intestine?

  • Enhancing vitamin synthesis
  • Preventing growth of opportunistic organisms
  • Expulsion of pathogens and waste products (correct)
  • Increasing immune development

Which of the following is a consequence of excessive use of antibiotics according to the text?

  • Decreased pathogen inhibition
  • Destruction of normal flora leading to opportunistic organism growth (correct)
  • Enhanced immunity development
  • Increased production of antimicrobials

What is the role of Tollip in the immunologic signaling pathway of mucosal immunity?

  • Upregulates genes in the cytoplasm
  • Activates transcription factors in the nucleus
  • Downregulates TLR and generates signals (correct)
  • Recruits immune cells for effector function

Which pathway involves antigen delivery to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) through transcytosis?

<p>M cell pathway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the loss of regulation in tolerance induction to endogenous bacteria according to the text?

<p>Inflammatory bowel disease like Crohn’s (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for producing antimicrobial defensins in the intestine?

<p>Paneth cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor mainly contributes to chemical defense in the genitourinary tract?

<p>Nitric oxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of intraepithelial lymphocytes?

<p>Response to antigenic challenge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What discourages inflammation at mucosal surfaces according to the text?

<p>Production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is imprinted on effector cells induced at one mucosal site according to the text?

<p>Receptors that enable response to homing signals back to another mucosal site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of action of cathelicidins against bacteria?

<p>Disruption of bacterial cell membrane integrity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells produce Surfactant Proteins A & D in the respiratory tract?

<p>Type II alveolar cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Lysozyme (Muramidase) in the body?

<p>Cleavage of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Respiratory Tract Long-lived Macrophages?

<p>Secrete IL-10 to promote inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process describes the killing mechanisms of short-lived neutrophils in the alveolar spaces?

<p>Enhanced phagocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Lymphoid Tissues BALT, NALT, SALT, GALT, MALT in the respiratory tract?

<p>Mucosal immunity induction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most complex organ in terms of immunological processes in operation?

<p>The gastrointestinal tract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the stomach mucosal barrier mainly consist of?

<p>Mucin and antimicrobial peptides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for the secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?

<p>Parietal cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of intestinal mucus production?

<p>Protection against pathogens and expulsion of parasites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody is mainly involved in mucosal immunity in the intestine?

<p>IgA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main physical barrier in mucosal defense?

<p>Epithelium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do effector cells induced at one mucosal site carry that enables them to respond to homing signals?

<p>Receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What discourages inflammation at mucosal surfaces?

<p>T regulatory cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mucus secretions in mucosal immunity?

<p>Trap microorganisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which components are mucus secretions composed of?

<p>Glycoproteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most exposed of all mucosal surfaces?

<p>Respiratory tract (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the most common causes of disease in humans?

<p>Respiratory tract infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do epithelial cells in the respiratory tract provide as a barrier function?

<p>$\beta$-defensins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of $eta$-defensins secreted by epithelial cells?

<p>Promote bacterial lysis via pore formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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