Mucosal Defense Characteristics

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What is the main function of peristalsis in the intestine?

Enhancing vitamin synthesis

Preventing growth of opportunistic organisms

Expulsion of pathogens and waste products (correct)

Increasing immune development

Which of the following is a consequence of excessive use of antibiotics according to the text?

Decreased pathogen inhibition

Destruction of normal flora leading to opportunistic organism growth (correct)

Enhanced immunity development

Increased production of antimicrobials

What is the role of Tollip in the immunologic signaling pathway of mucosal immunity?

Upregulates genes in the cytoplasm

Activates transcription factors in the nucleus

Downregulates TLR and generates signals (correct)

Recruits immune cells for effector function

Which pathway involves antigen delivery to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) through transcytosis?

M cell pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the loss of regulation in tolerance induction to endogenous bacteria according to the text?

Inflammatory bowel disease like Crohn’s Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for producing antimicrobial defensins in the intestine?

Paneth cells Signup and view all the answers

Which factor mainly contributes to chemical defense in the genitourinary tract?

Nitric oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of intraepithelial lymphocytes?

Response to antigenic challenge Signup and view all the answers

What discourages inflammation at mucosal surfaces according to the text?

Production of anti-inflammatory cytokines Signup and view all the answers

What is imprinted on effector cells induced at one mucosal site according to the text?

Receptors that enable response to homing signals back to another mucosal site Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of action of cathelicidins against bacteria?

Disruption of bacterial cell membrane integrity Signup and view all the answers

Which cells produce Surfactant Proteins A & D in the respiratory tract?

Type II alveolar cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Lysozyme (Muramidase) in the body?

Cleavage of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Respiratory Tract Long-lived Macrophages?

Secrete IL-10 to promote inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Which process describes the killing mechanisms of short-lived neutrophils in the alveolar spaces?

Enhanced phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Lymphoid Tissues BALT, NALT, SALT, GALT, MALT in the respiratory tract?

Mucosal immunity induction Signup and view all the answers

What is the most complex organ in terms of immunological processes in operation?

The gastrointestinal tract Signup and view all the answers

What does the stomach mucosal barrier mainly consist of?

Mucin and antimicrobial peptides Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for the secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?

Parietal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of intestinal mucus production?

Protection against pathogens and expulsion of parasites Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody is mainly involved in mucosal immunity in the intestine?

IgA Signup and view all the answers

What is the main physical barrier in mucosal defense?

Epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What do effector cells induced at one mucosal site carry that enables them to respond to homing signals?

Receptors Signup and view all the answers

What discourages inflammation at mucosal surfaces?

T regulatory cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mucus secretions in mucosal immunity?

Trap microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

Which components are mucus secretions composed of?

Glycoproteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the most exposed of all mucosal surfaces?

Respiratory tract Signup and view all the answers

What are the most common causes of disease in humans?

Respiratory tract infections Signup and view all the answers

What do epithelial cells in the respiratory tract provide as a barrier function?

$\beta$-defensins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of $eta$-defensins secreted by epithelial cells?

Promote bacterial lysis via pore formation Signup and view all the answers