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Questions and Answers
Match the following antioxidants with their types:
Glutathione (GSH) = Non-enzymatic antioxidant Superoxide dismutase (SOD) = Antioxidant enzyme Catalase (CAT) = Antioxidant enzyme Polyphenols = Non-enzymatic antioxidant
Match the following components with their roles in Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) activity:
Selenium (Se) = Essential mineral for GPx Selenocysteine = Key amino acid in selenoproteins Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) = Targets for GPx protection Glutathione (GSH) = Substrate for GPx reaction
Match the following methods with their application in measuring Selenium concentrations:
Hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG AAS) = Plasma concentration determination Freshly drawn blood samples = Biochemical assays Laboratory of Inborn Errors of Metabolism (LEIM) = Analysis of blood samples Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) = Selenium intake guidance
Match the following diseases associated with oxidative stress:
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Match the following factors influencing GPx activity:
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Match the following measurements related to GPx activity:
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Match the following benefits of selenium supplementation:
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Match the following antioxidants with their source:
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Match the following components with their associated methods of analysis:
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Match the following molecules with their roles in oxidative stress:
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Match the following methodologies with their characteristics:
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Match the following findings with the associated research focus:
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Match the following elements with their associated conditions:
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Match the following study components with their respective functions:
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Match the following researchers with their contributions to glutathione analysis:
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Match the following measurements with their corresponding values at baseline for glutathione parameters:
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Match the time points with their corresponding measurements for glutathione parameters after selenium supplementation:
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Match the following groups of patients with the respective types of Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS):
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Match the following statistical tests used in the study with their corresponding purposes:
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Match the following outcomes with their results post-supplementation:
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Match the following researchers with their affiliations:
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Match the following statements regarding selenium supplementation with their corresponding effects:
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Study Notes
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) and Oxidative Stress
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This study aims to investigate the levels of plasma selenium (Se), oxidative stress and the effect of Se supplementation in patients with MPS I, II and VI.
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30 patients were recruited for the study: 13 with MPS I, 9 with MPS II, and 8 with MPS VI.
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All patients were undergoing enzyme replacement therapy (ERT).
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The study found that 28 out of 30 patients (93.3%) had Se levels below the normal range, suggesting Se deficiency.
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Patients received Se supplementation for 12 months, with Se levels measured at 6 and 12 months.
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The study also measured glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, total glutathione (GSHt), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and reduced glutathione (GSH) at baseline and 6 months after Se supplementation.
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The mean GSHt at baseline was 7.90 ± 2.36 mmol/g Hb. After Se supplementation, it was 5.76 ± 1.13 mmol/g Hb.
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GSH/GSSG ratio at baseline was 2.3 ± 1.16, which decreased to 0.58 ± 0.38 after Se supplementation.
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GPx activity was 16.46 ± 3.31 U/g Hb at baseline and decreased to 4.53 ± 4.92 U/g Hb after Se supplementation.
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The changes in GPx activity and GSH/GSSG ratio were statistically significant, suggesting an impact of Se supplementation on oxidative stress markers.
Selenium Supplementation in MPS
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Se supplementation was based on the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for each patient's age, aiming to meet the mineral needs of 97-98% of the population.
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Se was administered as a syrup daily.
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Adherence to treatment was monitored weekly/monthly.
Blood Analytes and Measurement Techniques
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Plasma Se concentrations were determined using hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG AAS).
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Total glutathione (GSHt) and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection.
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Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) quantification was performed using a method previously described for measuring erythrocyte GSH, but without adding a reducing agent.
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Erythrocyte GPx activity was spectrophotometrically analyzed using reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as a marker.
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Description
This study investigates selenium levels and oxidative stress in patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis types I, II, and VI. It highlights the effects of selenium supplementation in patients undergoing enzyme replacement therapy. The findings indicate a significant deficiency of selenium among the majority of participants, leading to further analysis of oxidative stress markers.