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Questions and Answers
Who exposed the dangerous working conditions in the meatpacking industry through the novel 'The Jungle'?
Which muckraker focused on exposing child labor in the coal industry through 'The Bitter Cry of the Children'?
Which muckraker's writings resulted in the breakup of the Standard Oil trust?
Who worked under the pen name of David Grayson during their muckraking career?
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Which muckraker's writings were mostly overlooked due to a shift to focusing on socialism in their later works?
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Who published 'The Shame of the Cities', which exposed corruption in major U.S. cities controlled by businessmen and politicians?
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'The History of Standard Oil' by which muckraker led to the breakup of the Standard Oil trust?
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'Making Steel and Killing Men' focused on the dangerous working conditions in which industry?
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What was the primary goal of the Muckrakers during the Progressive Era?
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What term was used by President Teddy Roosevelt to describe the work of the Muckrakers?
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Which book by Jacob Riis shocked the American public and provided a visual representation of the living and working conditions of the working class?
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Which industry was dominated by the wealthy industrialists like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller during the Gilded Age?
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What was the main impact of the Muckrakers' work during the Progressive Era?
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Which labor unions were actively fighting to improve working conditions in industries during the Gilded Age?
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What was the main reason why little reform occurred in the workplace and business practices during the Gilded Age, despite the efforts of labor unions?
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Study Notes
The Muckrakers and Their Impact
Lincoln Steffens
- Exposed corruption in urban politics through his articles and book "The Shame of the Cities"
- Led to public demand for reforms in local government
- Managed editor of McClure's magazine, a progressive publication
Ida Tarbell
- Focused on the business practices of Rockefeller's Standard Oil company
- Published "The History of Standard Oil" in 1904, exposing the company's monopolization of the industry
- Led to the US Supreme Court breaking up Standard Oil into 34 smaller companies in 1911
Upton Sinclair
- Exposed the dangerous working conditions of the meatpacking industry in his novel "The Jungle" (1906)
- Led to President Roosevelt calling for a federal investigation and the passage of the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act
- Resulted in the establishment of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
John Spargo and William Hard
- John Spargo's "The Bitter Cry of the Children" (1906) exposed child labor in the coal industry
- William Hard's "Making Steel and Killing Men" (1907) exposed dangerous working conditions in the steel industry
- Contributed to the growing literature on muckraking and fueled the Progressive Era's calls for reform
Ray Stannard Baker
- Wrote under the pen name David Grayson and exposed corruption in the railroad industry and financial institutions
The Progressive Era and Muckraking
- The Gilded Age (1870s-1880s) was dominated by powerful business leaders, but little reform occurred
- Jacob Riis' "How the Other Half Lives" (1890) exposed the poor living and working conditions of New York City's working class
- The Progressive Era (1890s-1920s) saw the rise of muckraking journalists who sought to expose injustices and lead to reform
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Description
Learn about the journalists and writers in the late 19th century who exposed corruption, social injustices, and economic disparities in the United States, particularly during the Gilded Age. Understand their impact on society and the reforms they inspired.
