Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary site of drug metabolism in the body?
What is the primary site of drug metabolism in the body?
Which enzyme is primarily involved in hepatic metabolism?
Which enzyme is primarily involved in hepatic metabolism?
What does the term 'half-life' refer to in pharmacology?
What does the term 'half-life' refer to in pharmacology?
How is pharmacokinetics primarily defined?
How is pharmacokinetics primarily defined?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main organ responsible for the excretion of drugs?
What is the main organ responsible for the excretion of drugs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the definition of the First-Pass Effect?
What is the definition of the First-Pass Effect?
Signup and view all the answers
Which route of administration is considered the fastest for drug absorption?
Which route of administration is considered the fastest for drug absorption?
Signup and view all the answers
Intravenous (IV) administration bypasses which of the following?
Intravenous (IV) administration bypasses which of the following?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of gloves must be worn when administering topical medications?
What type of gloves must be worn when administering topical medications?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of punctal occlusion during medication administration?
What is the purpose of punctal occlusion during medication administration?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an important consideration when applying drug drops into the conjunctival sac?
What is an important consideration when applying drug drops into the conjunctival sac?
Signup and view all the answers
How should ocular ointments be administered?
How should ocular ointments be administered?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be done to the patient's nasolacrimal duct after administering ocular medication?
What should be done to the patient's nasolacrimal duct after administering ocular medication?
Signup and view all the answers
Why should residuals on the patient's skin be removed before applying topical medications?
Why should residuals on the patient's skin be removed before applying topical medications?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines supplemental therapy?
What defines supplemental therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT one of the rights of medication administration?
Which of the following is NOT one of the rights of medication administration?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary action of the parasympathetic nervous system neurotransmitter?
What is the primary action of the parasympathetic nervous system neurotransmitter?
Signup and view all the answers
Which receptors are activated by acetylcholine to produce rest and digest effects?
Which receptors are activated by acetylcholine to produce rest and digest effects?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a possible adverse effect of taking antipsychotic drugs?
What is a possible adverse effect of taking antipsychotic drugs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of atropine sulfate?
What is the role of atropine sulfate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which receptor type is primarily associated with increasing heart rate?
Which receptor type is primarily associated with increasing heart rate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is a contraindication for using antimuscarinic drugs like atropine sulfate?
Which condition is a contraindication for using antimuscarinic drugs like atropine sulfate?
Signup and view all the answers
What key syndrome might occur with the use of psychotic drugs?
What key syndrome might occur with the use of psychotic drugs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is true regarding cholinergic drugs?
Which of the following is true regarding cholinergic drugs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following should be monitored due to its potential risks?
Which of the following should be monitored due to its potential risks?
Signup and view all the answers
Which drug interaction should be considered when administering adrenergic agonists?
Which drug interaction should be considered when administering adrenergic agonists?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect is associated with stimulation of beta 2 receptors?
What effect is associated with stimulation of beta 2 receptors?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of medication reconciliation in a healthcare setting?
What is the primary purpose of medication reconciliation in a healthcare setting?
Signup and view all the answers
What does positive dromotropy indicate regarding cardiac function?
What does positive dromotropy indicate regarding cardiac function?
Signup and view all the answers
When should medication reconciliation occur during a patient's healthcare journey?
When should medication reconciliation occur during a patient's healthcare journey?
Signup and view all the answers
What physiological effect may result from the activation of adrenergic agonists?
What physiological effect may result from the activation of adrenergic agonists?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does the liver play in medication metabolism?
What role does the liver play in medication metabolism?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be avoided during the use of CNS stimulants?
What should be avoided during the use of CNS stimulants?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the importance of using the SBAR format in communication?
What is the importance of using the SBAR format in communication?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a recommendation for taking medication for maximal effect?
What is a recommendation for taking medication for maximal effect?
Signup and view all the answers
What monitoring is important for patients following spinal anesthesia?
What monitoring is important for patients following spinal anesthesia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one critical aspect of preparing a surgical site?
What is one critical aspect of preparing a surgical site?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary use of an EpiPen?
What is the primary use of an EpiPen?
Signup and view all the answers
Which adrenergic agonist is commonly used to reverse vasoconstriction caused by catecholamines?
Which adrenergic agonist is commonly used to reverse vasoconstriction caused by catecholamines?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common adverse effect of adrenergic antagonists?
What is a common adverse effect of adrenergic antagonists?
Signup and view all the answers
Which beta blocker is known for its dual action on both beta and alpha receptors?
Which beta blocker is known for its dual action on both beta and alpha receptors?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following medications is indicated to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
Which of the following medications is indicated to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended way to administer adrenergic agonists to minimize cardiovascular complications?
What is the recommended way to administer adrenergic agonists to minimize cardiovascular complications?
Signup and view all the answers
What are sympatholytics known to inhibit?
What are sympatholytics known to inhibit?
Signup and view all the answers
Concurrent use of which type of medication is contraindicated with adrenergic agonists like epinephrine?
Concurrent use of which type of medication is contraindicated with adrenergic agonists like epinephrine?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Pharmacology Final Exam Study Guide
-
Otic Medications (Children & Adults):
- Position patient in a side-lying position with affected ear facing up.
- Older than 3 years: pull the pinna up and back.
- Younger than 3 years: pull the pinna down and back.
- Hold dropper 1 cm above ear canal.
- Direct drops along the sides of ear canal.
- Instruct patient to lie on affected side for 5-10 minutes.
- May insert cotton loosely to prevent leakage.
- If present, carefully remove cerumen or drainage without pushing it back into the ear canal.
-
Rectal Suppositories:
- Contraindicated in pts with active rectal bleeding, diarrhea, low platelets, or untreated cardiac arrhythmias.
- Position patient in Left Lateral Sims Position.
- Use water-based lubricant.
- Insert suppository at least 4 inches beyond internal sphincter.
- Patient to remain on the left side for 15-20 minutes.
-
Vaginal Suppositories:
- Patient to empty bladder before administration.
- Absorption may take 4-12 hours.
- Use water-based lubricant.
- Position patient in Lithotomy position.
- Remain in supine position for 5-10 minutes to allow absorption.
-
Transdermal Patches (RN Considerations):
- Remove old patch and discard.
- Cleanse skin area of old patch.
- Observe for skin irritations.
- Rotate patch application sites for new patches.
- Apply new patch to a hairless, scratch-free area.
- Avoid cutting patches; this releases all medication at once.
- Ensure patch edges adhere flat to the skin.
- Document the new patch location.
-
Nasal Medications:
- Explain that temporary burning/stinging may occur.
- Evaluate patient's history of nasal surgeries/trauma.
- Have patient blow nose to clear passages (unless contraindicated, e.g., increased ICP or recent nasal surgery).
- Nasal Drops: Hold dropper ½ inch above desired nostril. Instill drops per order. Maintain supine position for 5 minutes at minimum. Infants (nose breathers) should receive nasal drops 20-30 minutes before feeding.
- Nasal Spray: Patient sitting upright. Occlude one nostril with gloved finger. Point tip toward side of nose, not center. Squeezes spray as pt inhales.
-
Ophthalmic Medications:
- Pull lower eyelid down with one hand.
- Hold eye drops 1-2 cm above conjunctival sac.
- Do not touch dropper tip to eye or with fingers.
- Apply prescribed drops to the conjunctival sac.
- Punctial occlusion (for glaucoma patients): Occlude lacrimal punctum using finger.
- Ointment administration: Similar to drops, but gently squeeze medication from inner to outer canthus.
-
General Medication Administration (Important Considerations):
- Wear gloves for all medication applications, especially if applying to open skin lesions.
- Ensure medication is applied to clean, dry, irritation-free skin.
- Allow time for medication absorption according to the specifics of the medication.
- Apply medications appropriately following the direction of hair growth, especially for elderly patients.
Other Topics
- Medication Errors: Report all medication errors and near misses, do not attempt to fix them.
- Medication Rights: Understand the 10 Rights of Medication Administration( Right patient, drug, dose, route, time, documentation, indication, response, to refuse and education)
- First-Pass Effect: Drug-metabolization at a specific location that reduces active drug concentration before reaching site of action.
- Pharmacodynamics: The effect a drug has on the body.
- Pharmacokinetics: What the body does to a drug.
- Half-life: Defined as the time taken for a substance to reduce to half of its initial concentration.
- Empiric Therapy: Treatment given before definite diagnosis based on experience.
- Prophylactic Therapy: preventing a disease or condition.
- Supplemental Therapy: Providing substances lacking in the body.
- Parenteral Administration: Includes injections like IV, IM, subcutaneous (subQ), and intrathecal (intra-arterial/intra-articular).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
