Study quiz PSY Chapter 1- 5

Between now and 2100, the increase in population around the world will not take place equally. Which countries will see the greatest population growth?

Sara is a young girl who lives in a rural area of a developing country. Her family adheres strongly to the historical traditions of their culture. Sara lives in a(n)                     culture.

Andrew and Willem are brothers. Andrew owns a cleaning business and Willem helps when the jobs are too big for Andrew to do alone. These brothers most likely live in a(n)                     culture

Dr Martin is conducting research and plans to measure the socioeconomic status (SES) of her participants. Her measure of SES will most likely include which of the following?

Phoebe is very proud of her ability to speak Vietnamese, her parents’ native language, and she has taught herself a number of traditional Vietnamese dances and songs. Phoebe is proud of her                    .

The period of human history from 40,000 to 10,000 years ago when distinct human cultures first developed is referred to as the                   .

Which of the following statements best describes the effects of natural selection?

The environmental conditions in which a given species has evolved is referred to as

Dr Jenks is interested in how mate selection is shaped by our evolutionary history. She most likely considers herself a(n)                   .

Which of the following is TRUE?

According to Freud,                     .

One critique of Freud’s theory is that                     .

Bram is finding adolescence difficult and is trying out several identities. According to Erikson, Bram will need to successfully resolve the                      crisis.

Increasing employer demands for working hours and the effect this has on a parent’s relationship with their child is an example of which of Bronfenbrenner’s systems?

Which statement concerning the developmental period known as emerging adulthood is most accurate according to Arnett?

For his post-doctorate research, Yani hopes to study human development among Indigenous cultures in the mountains of Peru. He plans to move to Peru to integrate with his study subjects, make social connections with them, and observe their daily life up close. Which type of research method is he using?

Which of the following describes research undertaken by interview approaches?

Bernice is planning to conduct a cross-sectional study for her thesis. Which of the following is a limitation that she and her supervisor discuss before she begins to collect her data?

You are interested in studying the potential changes in intelligence over the life span. You have selected 250 people who are currently 2 years old and you plan to assess them every 5 years for 40 years. What type of study are you planning on conducting?

What type of correlation describes the situation in which the more hours a person spends sitting or in sedentary activity on the job, the higher their body mass index (BMI)?

Which of the following countries will see a decline in its population by 2050?

If a researcher wanted to measure the socioeconomic status of her adult participants, she would need to ask them about which of the following?

Unlike early hominins, Homo sapiens had                 .

Which of the following occurred during the Neolithic period?

Which of the following best represents the impact of evolution on human development?

According to Erikson,               is the driving force behind human development.

Although Shanamae makes a good salary in sales, she is questioning whether her work in the retail industry is making a meaningful contribution to society. She is thinking of training to be a nurse, so that she can give back to society by helping others. According to Erikson, she is in the stage of              .

A country’s belief in the value of individual freedom, as demonstrated in its capitalist economic system and its governmental system of representative democracy, reflects which system of Bronfenbrenner’s theory?

Where does the developmental life stage of emerging adulthood usually appear?

generates hypotheses that can be tested in research.

In the famous case of Henrietta Lacks, an African American woman’s cancer cells were removed from her cervix without her knowledge by a surgeon right before her death in 1951. Researchers wanted to study these cells to learn about the genes that cause cancer and those that suppress it. The ethical requirement of               would protect against this happening today.

Which of the following statements is true regarding research methods?

Which of the following is a problem with longitudinal research?

Enrico’s biological parents were both musicians, so he was born with a(n)                 that included exceptional musical ability, but because he was never exposed to musical instruments or instruction when he was adopted, he never developed his musical ability.

Errol’s father carries two recessive genes for sickle-cell anaemia, and Errol’s mother carries two normal dominant genes. Therefore, Errol has inherited                 from his parents.

Human cells have 23 pairs or 46                .

Sadie carries the recessive gene for haemophilia, a disorder in which the blood does not clot properly. If Sadie had two children, a boy and a girl, and passed the recessive gene for the disorder to both children, which of her children would develop haemophilia if the father does not have haemophilia himself?

Which of the following is TRUE?

When a trait is high in heritability, it means that it is highly influenced by               .

The higher the concordance rate,               .

Girls normally begin menstruating around age 11–16, towards the lower end of this range under healthy conditions and towards the higher end when nutrition is insufficient. This is an example of               .

In recent decades in Western countries, there has been little change in average height, indicating that the populations of these countries have reached the upper boundary of their                for height.

A toddler from the Hamer tribe in Ethiopia was adopted by an American couple who described themselves as ‘non-athletes’. This tribe was known for being exceptionally tall. Once the girl started school, she asked to play in the after-school basketball program, tried out for the team in high school and eventually went on to earn a scholarship to play at university. This is an example of               .

Which of the following is TRUE about ova?

As a result of the process of crossing over               .

The                is formed when the ovum and sperm unite and fertilisation takes place

Fertilisation can take place only               .

In general,                have the lowest rates of DZ twins.

After fertilisation, the first 2 weeks of pregnancy is called the               .

marks the end of the germinal period and the start of the embryonic period

The                form from the inner layer of the embryonic disk.

During the                period of prenatal development, nearly all the major organs are formed.

Maddox, a baby born 6 weeks prematurely, is more at risk of not surviving than his sister, Shekia, who was born full term, because Maddox’s                is/are still immature.

Melinda is a healthy woman who has just found out she is pregnant and is attending her first prenatal visit. Which of the following pieces of advice is she most likely to receive from her doctor?

Your sister quit smoking before she became pregnant. What are some of the risks that are reduced by not exposing her fetus to smoking?

The most common teratogen worldwide is               .

Marie is a heavy drinker but managed to stop drinking for most of her pregnancy. If she drank alcohol during the                period, her baby would be most at risk of structural damage.

Following public health efforts to increase folic acid and iodine in food, what conditions have been significantly decreased?

Julie is a 47-year-old university professor who is shocked to learn that she is pregnant. Although she is elated at the idea of having another child, she is worried about having a child with                as the chances increase dramatically after age 45.

A sex chromosome disorder occurs when an individual               ..

Which of the following is safest in terms of risk of miscarriage?

Which of the following is TRUE regarding people with Down syndrome?

Carissa is in her 5th week of pregnancy. She decides that she would like to find out as early as possible whether her unborn child has Down syndrome or any other genetic abnormality. What risk-free test is she likely to have?

Shonda and Trinity have been a couple for 8 years, and they are now excited to take the leap into parenthood together. Because they are both women, they have decided to use               , which would involve injecting a donor’s sperm into Shonda’s uterus while she is ovulating.

is the most common cause of infertility in women.

If the primary problem is that the woman cannot ovulate properly, the most common fertility treatment is               .

In collectivistic cultures, infertility is often               .

Keisha has inherited one recessive gene for the sickle-cell trait along with one normal dominant gene. As a result of this              , she is resistant to malaria and does not have sickle-cell anaemia.

Who has the greatest risk of developing haemophilia, which is an X-linked recessive disorder?

Which of the following questions would a behaviour geneticist be most likely to ask?

What is the term for the limited potential developmental possibilities established by genes?

John is short for his age and is very coordinated. Although exposed to a variety of activities, none has particularly interested him. His father, who used to wrestle when he was younger, signs John up for wrestling, thinking this could be the perfect sport. He convinces John to give it a try and John goes on to become a champion wrestler. This is an example of              .

Gametes are              .

Amy is most likely to have DZ twins if              .

If Susan learns that her infertility problem is due to a problem with the               successfully implanting, something went wrong during the germinal period.

During the embryonic period, the              .

Saad, a baby born 6 weeks prematurely, is more at risk of not surviving than Nona, a baby who is full term, because Saad’s               is/are still immature.

In traditional cultures, prenatal massage              .

Which of the following is TRUE of good prenatal care?

In sub-Saharan Africa, what infectious disease during pregnancy accounts for approximately 20% of fetal deaths and increased risk of infant death?

A child who has an X0 chromosomal make-up (where 0 denotes a missing chromosome where there is supposed to be a 23rd pair) will most likely           .

Ben and Janet attended a prenatal visit with a specialist to assess the growth and size of their developing fetus. Which procedure did they use?

In Australia, approximately 1 in                couples is infertile.

Fertility drugs               .

A married woman from a non-Western, collectivistic culture has been unable to have a child for over 3 years. Which of the following is most likely?

Anita is experiencing a burning sensation in the vaginal opening as the top of the baby’s head is just starting to show, so she is in the                 stage of the birth process.

The longest stage of the birth process is                .

During labour, the muscles of the uterus will have regular                , causing the cervix to                .

A breech birth                .

Caesarean sections                .

Throughout history, most births were administered by                .

It was standard practice in hospitals in Western countries from the 1930s to the 1960s to                .

Which of the following is NOT a traditional birth belief or practice for Indigenous Australians discussed in the book?

What medical technique is used to measure the fetus’s heartbeat during the birthing process by attaching a device to the mother’s abdomen or placing a sensor on the fetus’s scalp?

Which of the following newborn infants is most at risk of death in New Zealand?

What Apgar score indicates that the newborn is in good to excellent condition?

What is the definition of low birth weight?

When individuals who were born with low birth weight become adolescents, they are more likely to                .

Marina and Paolo’s preterm baby boy was born weighing only 2,000 grams. To stabilise their baby’s heart rate, breathing, body temperature and sleep–wake cycles, Marina and Paolo have been placing the baby on their chests, skin-to-skin, for 2–3 hours a day. This well-known, scientifically proven method for stimulating neonatal functioning is called                .

Preterm babies who get massaged three times a day for 15 minutes at a time in their first days of life                compared to those who do not.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding infants’ sleep?

While being held by her grandmother, newborn Juliette starts to turn towards her grandmother’s body and open her mouth. She is demonstrating the                reflex.

Which of the following is least likely to have survival value?

What sense(s) is (are) the first to develop in neonates?

At birth, the least developed of a neonate’s senses is                .

Mothers in the late 1800s were often told by doctors to give their infants                .

In Australia and New Zealand, breastfeeding                .

When would mothers in developing countries be advised not to breastfeed?

Which of the following is linked to a reduced likelihood of obesity in childhood?

How long does the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend that women breastfeed?

Newborn baby, Kiev, lives in a traditional culture. What is most likely to happen when he cries?

An infant who cries for more than 3 hours a day over more than 3 days at a time for more than 3 weeks is considered                .

What are some methods parents and other caregivers use to sooth a crying neonate (that do not seem to be related to hunger, comfort, nappies or pain)?

Researchers have found that there are many benefits to mothers and newborns remaining in close contact and rooming-in (avoiding separating mothers and newborns unless medically necessary). Which of the following is NOT one of these benefits?

Postnatal depression                .

Juanita’s cervix is 10 centimetres dilated, so she                .

Caesareans                .

In most cultures,                 take the lead in assisting the birth.

Surita is a midwife in a traditional culture. She is most likely to                .

Which of the following is TRUE about birthing practices?

In developing countries,                .

The five characteristics that are evaluated in the Apgar scale are                .

Preterm babies are considered at risk because                .

Compared to adults, neonates                .

Which of the following reflexes has no apparent survival value?

The earliest sense to develop is                .

Breastfeeding                .

Which of the following statements about breastfeeding is most accurate?

Infants from Western countries such as Australia                .

Which of the following statements about bonding is most accurate?

Postnatal depression                .

Atika’s trunk and arms grow faster than his hands and fingers. This progression of motor development is called the                       .

Errol was adopted from a Romanian orphanage 9 years ago. He was physically and emotionally deprived until a couple adopted him at age ½ 2 ½ . It is most likely that Errol                       .

It was discovered at birth that there was significant cell death in Brittany’s                       . Her parents were worried that she would be born blind because this part of the brain processes visual information. Luckily, this was not the case because other parts of her brain compensated for this cell loss.

Research has shown that sleeping on the                        is a protective factor for SIDS

SIDS is almost unknown in cultures where                       .

is a disease that occurs in malnourished infants in which their bodies stop growing, muscles atrophy and they become lethargic.

­Kateri, an infant who lives in New Zealand, has become used to eating pureed fruit and vegetables, and just recently she began eating finger food like pieces of toast and banana. Her parents are excited to see her reactions to each new food they have introduced. She is probably                        month(s) of age.

Biruk is a 2-month-old infant. He                       .

Sharon is a paediatrician working in a developing country. She would likely find that most infant deaths are caused by                       .

Suri is from a traditional culture where medical remedies for infant illness are scarce. He wants to do anything possible to protect his infant son, so he would be least likely to                       .

A typical 1-year-old infant                       .

­Mahori was strapped to his mother’s back for the first year of his life. Which of the following is least likely?

When motor development of infants is compared among cultures, it is clear that environment has                       .

Without                       , babies would not have depth perception.

Infants who hear the sound of a door closing will turn to look in the direction of the door. This is evidence of                       .

Which of the following best describes the Piagetian term schemes?

Seena likes to suck on a dummy during naptime at her day care. One day, her mother forgets to pack the dummy, so her teachers offer her a plastic toy to suck on instead. In learning to suck on this toy, Seena relies heavily on                       .

Troy is 12 months old and loves to eat biscuits. While sitting in the kitchen he sees a packet of biscuits. When his actions become intentional and goal directed, and he actively moves, reaches for and grasps the packet of biscuits, it is clear that he is in sensorimotor substage                       .

Schaffer loves it when his mother puts a towel over her face and then quickly pulls it down. His big belly laugh at this game of peek-a-boo indicates that he                       .

Which of the following is a critique of Piaget’s sensorimotor theory?

Which of the following are among the key elements of the information processing approach?

You and your brother are babysitting your infant cousin. Initially, he is very interested in a puppet that you were using, but seems not to be very interested in it after a few minutes. Your brother thinks that he might not have a very long attention span. You tell your brother that your cousin is actually displaying                       .

You are watching your neighbour’s 8-month-old infant. You notice that she is getting increasingly social. She directs her attention not just to whatever sensations are most stimulating, but also to what the people around her are doing. She is                       .

Researchers have proposed that the immaturity of the                        at birth is why humans show infantile amnesia.

One reflection of the development of infants’ short-term memory is their improvement                       .

According to the text, infants who score extremely low on the Bayley scales                       .

Your brother is concerned that your nephew will be a poor student when he goes to school because whenever he shows him something new, your nephew only looks at it for a short time. According to the text, is your brother correct?

The three main scales on the Bayley–4 are the cognitive scale, language scale and                        scale.

Patrice is 6 months old and is quite talkative. She is now using repetitive consonant–vowel combinations, and her favourite appears to be ‘ba-ba-ba-ba’. Patrice has reached the                        milestone in language development.

­Babbling                       .

Cressida talks to her 5-month-old baby in a sweet, high-pitched, exaggerated manner and says things like, ‘Good girl, you ate your sweet potatoes! You’re a good girl, yes you are!’ This special way of speaking to infants is called                       .

The Ifaluk people of Micronesia, like people in many traditional cultures, are in physical contact with their children nearly constantly. How do they view talking to children?

Use of infant-directed speech                       .

Which statement is TRUE about temperament?

In Chess and Thomas’s (1984) longitudinal study, they classified the infants into their three categories and then followed these infants as they developed into adulthood. What did they find?

The most common classification for the babies in Thomas and Chess’s original study was                       .

Based on research, if Fatima, an infant with a difficult temperament, were to be adopted by parents that show a lot of anger and frustration, we might predict which of the following outcomes?

Which of the following best illustrates a good fit between caregiver and child?

Arman is showing intense fear of a large dog that is approaching his pram. Fear is an example of a                        emotion.

Social smiles first appear                       .

Of the emotions listed below,                        is the emotion an infant would likely display latest in its development.

While on a walk with her mother, Sofia comes across a dog. She notices that her mother is smiling at the dog, so Sofia also shows a positive reaction to it. Sofia’s reaction illustrates                       .

When Lola was at playgroup with her father, she started crying when she heard several of the other babies crying. This is an example of                       .

Which reflects the family pattern most likely to be seen in an Australian family with a new infant?

Combining what scholars have learned from observing infants in a variety of different cultures today, along with what other scholars have learned from studying human evolutionary history and the history of human societies, what is one of the things that infants’ social worlds have in common across most cultures?

Baby Hibiki feels safe and secure with his mother and knows that she will feed him, keep him warm and love him. Because of the solid emotional foundation he has at home, Hibiki will come to believe that he can count on others in his social world and that they too are worthy of love. Hibiki will successfully resolve what Erik Erikson called the                        crisis.

The origins of Bowlby’s theory were in                        theory.

Both Erikson and Bowlby viewed                        as crucial to future emotional and social development.

Dayle goes to the doctor and expresses concern that her infant’s head is too big for his body. The doctor tells her that this is normal because of                       .

If Salma is typical of most infants, his first tooth will appear at                        of age.

Tara and Paul adopted their baby daughter, Yet Kwai, from a Chinese orphanage 5 years ago. She was physically and emotionally deprived until they adopted her at age ½ 2 ½. It is most likely that Yet Kwai                       .

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is almost unknown in cultures where co-sleeping is the norm because                       .

Marasmus is                       .

Mahori was strapped to his mother’s back for the first year of his life. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

The key to depth perception is                       .

Rupert goes to the market with his mother and calls all men he sees there ‘Dada’. This is an example of                       .

Maha begins rooting while being held by her mother’s friend, who quickly passes Maha back to her mother to be breastfed. Based on Piaget’s sensorimotor substages, how old is Maha?

Critics of Piaget’s sensorimotor theory argue that the likelihood of making the A-not-B error depends on the                       .

Speed of                        is a good predictor of later memory and intelligence.

From infancy onwards,                        memory comes more easily to us than                        memory.

Scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development                       .

Babbling                       .

Use of infant-directed speech                       .

Temperament                       .

Which of the following best illustrates a good fit between caregiver and child?

Which of these emotions do NOT develop during the first year of life?

When mothers show negative emotions in relation to a toy in the laboratory, infants will avoid the toy, which illustrates                       .

Which of the following is a common feature of infant social life in most cultures throughout human history?

Erikson and Bowlby both view                        as the key issue in an infant’s attachment to others.

is a condition specific to toddlerhood in which protein deficiencies lead to varied symptoms such as swollen bellies and feet, hair loss and lack of energy.

Early brain development in toddlerhood is most distinguished by                      .

Which statement best describes sleep behaviour during toddlerhood?

Last week, your neighbours told you their 18-month-old son has been sleeping through the night for the past 2 months. They were very happy about this new development and were looking forward to many more months of a good night’s sleep. This week, however, they say their son has started waking up at night and has been pretty fussy during the day. What is the likely reason for this waking and fussing?

Piper is reaching typical milestones for her age including holding a cup and stacking three or four blocks into a tower. How old do you think she is based on her achieving these milestones?

Which of the following variables has been shown to be correlated with the timing of toilet training in some Western countries?

In Western cultures,                      .

You have been trying to toilet train your son, but without much luck. Based on the research, what is most likely to be holding up the process?

You are interested in weaning your toddler. Which of the following are you most likely to use as a strategy?

Nandranie is a toddler from a traditional culture. She would likely                      .

Shareef’s parents bought him a high chair. While sitting in the chair, he intentionally tipped his water in the tray over and over again. According to Piaget, Shareef is at the                      stage.

Eighteen-month-old Omar saw his father stirring a pot on the stove. The next day he picked up his toy bowl and spoon and began ‘stirring’ an imaginary substance. This is an example of                      .

When children generally avoid making the A-not-B error, they                      .

According to Vygotsky,                      is required for cognitive development.

According to Vygotsky, children learn best if the instruction they are provided is                      .

When it comes to learning what we consider language, the most significant difference between apes and humans is the                      .

Nona was in a serious car accident and suffered damage to her Broca’s area. Which of the following is likely to result?

Which is an example of overextension?

Joquain was thirsty, so he looked at his mother, pointed to the glass on the counter and said, ‘Juice.’ This is an example of                      .

Research has shown that to foster language development in children, parents should                      .

Which of the following is a sociomoral emotion?

S. was playing in a group of children and showed pride in his ability to fit the right shape piece into the container. This display of pride would most likely be discouraged by parents in                      .

Researchers secretly dabbed a red spot on the nose of babies of different ages and then placed them in front of a mirror. They were testing                      .

Gender identity                      .

Which of the following statements about gender is TRUE?

Secure attachment is characterised by                      .

Which of the following best describes Nellie, a toddler who is considered disorganised–disoriented attachment based on the Strange Situation test?

At school Brice showed problems, such as hostility and cognitive deficits. Later on, at university, he was diagnosed with various types of psychopathology. Based on the research, he most likely had a(n)                       attachment classification.

When it comes to attachment,                      .

In traditional cultures such as Uganda,                      can be a major event in the lives of toddlers and may have an influence on the security of attachment.

Josh is a toddler who lives in New Zealand. His father would most likely be observed in which of the following activities with him?

During toddlerhood,                      .

Research on sibling relationships during the toddler years has found that                      .

Which of the following is NOT an early sign of ASD?

Research has shown that                      .

is a potentially fatal condition specific to toddlerhood in which severe protein deficiency leads to varied symptoms such as swollen bellies, thinning hair and lethargy.

Early brain development in toddlerhood is most characterised by                      .

During toddlerhood,                      .

Which statement is true about toddlers?

Which of the following is NOT a key sign of readiness for toilet training?

A toddler from a traditional culture would likely                      .

Developing Countries Population Growth

Traditional Culture

Collectivistic Culture

Socioeconomic Status (SES)

Ethnicity

Upper Palaeolithic Period

Natural Selection

Ecological Niche

Evolutionary Psychology

Large Brains & Environment Alteration

Freud's Theory Root Cause

Freud's Theory Critique

Erikson's Identity Crisis

Bronfenbrenner's Mesosystem

Emerging Adulthood

Ethnographic Research

Interview Approaches

Cross-Sectional Study Limitation

Longitudinal Study

Positive Correlation

Declining Population

Socioeconomic Status Measurement

Homo Sapiens Jaw Size

Neolithic Period

Evolution on Human Development

Erikson's Driving Force

Erikson's Generativity

Bronfenbrenner's Macrosystem

Emerging Adulthood Location

Theory

Informed Consent

Ethnographic Method

Longitudinal Research Problems

Genotype

Genetic Resistance

Chromosomes

Haemophilia Inheritance

Sex Determination

Heritability

Concordance Rate

Epigenesis

Reaction Range

Niche Picking

Ova

Crossing Over

Zygote

Fertilization Time

DZ Twins Rates

Germinal Period

Implantation of Blastocyst