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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of disability?

  • A condition of the body or mind that makes it more difficult for a person to do certain activities and interact with the world around them (correct)
  • A condition that only affects the body and not the mind
  • A condition that does not impact a person's ability to do activities or interact with the world around them
  • A condition that only affects the mind and not the body

What are the categories of disabilities?

  • Physical, Intellectual, Mental Health, Sensory, Neurological (correct)
  • Physical, Emotional, Cognitive, Sensory, Neurological
  • Physical, Intellectual, Emotional, Sensory, Neurological
  • Physical, Intellectual, Emotional, Cognitive, Sensory

What is the Disability Discrimination Act?

  • Legislation that protects people with disabilities from discrimination (correct)
  • Legislation that provides financial support for people with disabilities
  • Legislation that promotes normalisation of disabilities
  • Legislation that defines the categories of disabilities

What is the NDIS?

<p>National Disability Insurance Scheme (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate of disability in Australia?

<p>1 in 6 (4.4 million) Australians have a disability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of adults with disability have experienced violence after the age of 15?

<p>47% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of severe disabilities among Australians with disabilities?

<p>1 in 3 (1.4 million) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of working age people with disability who are employed, according to the text?

<p>48% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are disabilities more common?

<p>Regional areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which century saw the segregation of people with disabilities?

<p>19th century (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should healthcare professionals develop for use with people with disabilities?

<p>Appropriate communication strategies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which year was declared as the UN International Year of Disabled Persons?

<p>1981 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which act was implemented in 2012 to establish the Commonwealth National Disability Insurance Scheme?

<p>Commonwealth National Disability Insurance Scheme Act (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term was previously used to describe people with disabilities, according to the text?

<p>Mentally retarded (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'disability' according to the text?

<p>The resulting functional impact of impairment on performance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major aim of the Disability Discrimination Act?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Disability today?

<p>Provision of services for quality of life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range covered by Disability today?

<p>18-64 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Person-Centred Plan (PCP) funded by NDIS?

<p>To facilitate a quality of life in the community (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does NDIS not cover?

<p>Rehabilitative therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the aims of the Disability Discrimination Act (1992)?

<p>Eliminate discrimination, promote community acceptance, ensure equal rights (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the belief of normalisation?

<p>People with disabilities should enjoy the same rights and privileges as others (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some positive attitudes for an inclusive doctor when treating patients with disabilities?

<p>Speak to them as you would to any other patient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should medical practitioners interact with people with disabilities?

<p>Simplify language, speak more slowly, use adaptive devices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the quote by Robert M. Hensel about?

<p>The abilities of people with disabilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint allows for pronation and supination of the forearm?

<p>Proximal radioulnar joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is responsible for stabilizing the proximal radioulnar joint?

<p>Annular ligament (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for supination of the forearm?

<p>Radial nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for pronation of the forearm?

<p>Pronator teres (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for flexion and abduction of the wrist?

<p>Median nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for flexion and abduction of the thumb?

<p>Radial nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bones of the upper limb are at risk of injury following fracture or dislocation?

<p>Radius, ulna, wrist bones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries supply the upper limb?

<p>Brachial arteries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the pulses of the brachial and radial arteries located?

<p>Forearm and wrist (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves are responsible for supplying the major muscles of the upper limb?

<p>Axillary, radial, musculocutaneous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical basis of assessment of cutaneous sensation in the dermatomes of the upper limb?

<p>Skin and underlying nerves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional importance of the fascial compartments enclosing the major muscle groups of the upper limb?

<p>Regulation of blood flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the brachioradialis muscle in the elbow joint?

<p>To extend the elbow joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the muscles responsible for flexion at the elbow joint?

<p>Musculocutaneous nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament wraps around the head of the radius and allows for rotation of the forearm?

<p>Annular ligament (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone does not participate in the radio-ulnar joints?

<p>Humerus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which movement is associated with the pronator teres muscle?

<p>Pronation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is the primary elbow extensor?

<p>Triceps brachii (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the extensors of the wrist and digits in the posterior compartment?

<p>Radial nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts into the dorsal surface of the base of metacarpals II and III?

<p>Ext carpi radialis brevis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the extensor muscles of the thumb in the posterior compartment?

<p>Posterior interosseous nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle helps in the abduction of the thumb?

<p>Abductor pollicis longus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for flexion and extension of the wrist in the posterior compartment?

<p>ECRL/B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are responsible for abduction of the wrist?

<p>Flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi radialis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are responsible for adduction of the wrist?

<p>Flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can influence allele frequencies in a population?

<p>Genetic drift (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Hardy-Weinberg Equation used for?

<p>Calculating genotype frequencies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the driving force of evolution?

<p>Natural selection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Hardy-Weinberg discover about the relationship between allele frequencies and genotype frequencies?

<p>p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key point about evolution and natural selection?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the theory of natural selection, what determines the chance of survival in a population?

<p>The presence of certain characteristics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the discipline of population genetics predominantly concerned with?

<p>Changes in allele frequencies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why don't dominant alleles take over a population and recessive alleles become lost over time?

<p>Selection occurs at the level of the phenotype (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Darwin's observations, what is the main inference drawn from the production of more individuals than can survive?

<p>The struggle for existence leads to the survival of the fittest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Darwin observe about the beak size and shape of finches on the Galapagos Islands?

<p>The beak size and shape correlated well with diet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concept of natural selection according to Darwin's observations?

<p>Species have significant inherited variation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main hypothesis for the change in coloration of the peppered moth during the industrial revolution?

<p>The change in coloration was due to natural selection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a founder effect?

<p>A small group of birds from a mainland population colonizes an isolated island. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a bottleneck event?

<p>A population of rabbits in a field experiences a sharp reduction in population due to a disease outbreak. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of migration on allele frequencies in a population?

<p>Migration disrupts H-W equilibrium and leads to a decrease in genetic diversity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of random genetic drift?

<p>Random genetic drift refers to the random drifting of population allele frequencies due to Mendelian segregation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does mutation affect allele frequencies in a population?

<p>Mutation leads to a decrease in genetic diversity and shifts a population out of equilibrium. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of heterozygous carriers of a defective PKU allele in a population where the frequency of the disease allele is 0.01?

<p>0.02 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a large randomly mating population, approximately 1 in 8,900 males are affected by an X-linked recessive disease. What percentage of women in that same population would you expect to be carriers for this disease?

<p>0.02% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a large randomly mating European population, approximately 1 in 1600 individuals are affected by an autosomal recessive disease. What percentage of individuals in this same population would you expect to be carriers of this disease?

<p>0.049% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium may not be applicable to all populations?

<p>Mutation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, if the 5 conditions are met, allele and genotype frequencies will remain constant from generation to generation in a population. Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 conditions?

<p>There is no mutation of the alleles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation used to calculate the relative frequency of genotypes in a population according to the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

<p>$p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a population with two alleles at a single locus, the genotype frequencies are given by the expansion of which expression?

<p>$(p+q)^2 = p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a population with three alleles at a single locus, the genotype frequencies are given by the expansion of which expression?

<p>$(p+q+r)^2 = p^2 + 2pq + 2pr + 2qr + q^2 + r^2 = 1$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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