37 Questions
Which imaging technique has largely replaced intravenous excretion urography for evaluating the urinary tract?
Ultrasound
What is the adult dose range of low osmolar contrast material used in urography?
300-370 mg I mL−1
Which type of patients should be prepared with oral or intravenous hydration before undergoing urography?
Patients with diabetes and impaired renal function
What is the main contraindication for using intravenous water-soluble contrast media in urography?
Allergic reaction to contrast media
Why is dehydration unnecessary and does not improve image quality before undergoing urography?
To maintain diagnostic image quality
What is the reason behind the kidneys appearing mildly hydronephrotic premicturition?
Geometric magnification in ultrasound measurements
How can renal artery stenosis be diagnosed using Doppler techniques?
Elevated peak systolic velocities >200 cm s−1
What technique is employed to evaluate renal transplants for vascular pathology?
Applying pressure to displace overlying bowel loops
In computed tomography urinary tract imaging, when is an arterial phase scan of the liver particularly appropriate?
When pulmonary metastatic disease is likely
What is the key factor indicating a severe renal artery stenosis when evaluating intrarenal arteries using Doppler ultrasound?
Tardus parvus pattern with prolonged acceleration time
What is the purpose of the 5-min film during the imaging procedure described in the text?
To evaluate renal outline or possible masses
When is compression contraindicated during the imaging procedure described in the text?
After recent abdominal surgery
In ultrasound of the urinary tract, what is a common indication for performing renal vascular studies?
To guide needle placement in interventional procedures
During the imaging procedure described, when is the immediate film exposing the nephrogram taken?
10–14 seconds after injection
What does the release film aim to show during the imaging procedure described in the text?
Visualization of distal ureters
What is the significance of performing a postcontrast scan at 100 s (nephrographic phase) in CT imaging of the kidneys?
To prevent small intraparenchymal lesions from being obscured
What CT technique is typically used to assess possible stone disease in patients with renal colic?
CT KUB
What percentage of washout on delayed CT images is highly specific for a benign adrenal lesion?
Greater than 60%
In a CTU, what is the purpose of acquiring thin-section scans during the nephrographic/parenchymal enhancement phase?
To visualize small tumors
What additional technique may be used in some protocols during a CTU to achieve collecting system distension?
Abdominal compression bands
What is the purpose of administering contrast 10-15 minutes before scanning and then an additional 50 mL at the time of the scan in computed tomography (CT) angiography?
To save radiation dose by showing nephrographic and pyelographic phases in the same acquisition
What is NOT a common indication for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the urinary tract according to the text?
Diagnosis of renal artery stenosis
In MRI imaging of the prostate, which functional studies are increasingly being used as per the text?
Diffusion weighted imaging and MR spectroscopy
What is recommended to assess retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy in patients with bladder and prostate cancer?
CT scan with contrast
What is the main difference between static fluid-sensitive urography and excretory MR urography?
The presence of gadolinium enhancement
What contrast medium is typically used for micturating cystourethrography?
High osmolar contrast material (HOCM)
How does chemical shift imaging help in the characterization of adrenal masses?
By affecting the resonant frequency of protons
Why is it important to monitor early filling during micturating cystourethrography?
To detect transient reflux
Which imaging technique is commonly used for excretory MR urography to image the collecting systems?
3D gradient echo, T1-weighted sequence
In which patient position is it recommended to visualize the lower ureter during micturating cystourethrography?
Anterior oblique position
What is the purpose of lateral views in urodynamic studies?
To detect urinary tract infections
When should oblique views be used during the procedure?
When evaluating for leaks
What is an appropriate aftercare consideration following the procedure?
Warning about the possibility of dysuria and retention of urine
What complication can arise from catheter trauma?
Urinary retention
What is the main contraindication for ascending urethrography in males?
Acute urinary tract infection
How should the contrast medium be prepared for ascending urethrography?
$20$ mL prewarmed contrast medium
What is the key step in the technique of ascending urethrography?
Inflating the catheter balloon with water to anchor it
Learn about the different techniques used in MRI urography, such as static MR urography and 3D respiratory triggered sequences. Explore the methods of enhancing collecting system visualization through hydration, compression, and diuretics.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
