MRI Urography Techniques
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Questions and Answers

Which imaging technique has largely replaced intravenous excretion urography for evaluating the urinary tract?

  • MRI
  • Plain film radiography
  • CT scan
  • Ultrasound (correct)

    • What is the adult dose range of low osmolar contrast material used in urography?

  • 200-250 mL
  • 400-450 mL
  • 100-150 mL
  • 300-370 mg I mL−1 (correct)

    • Which type of patients should be prepared with oral or intravenous hydration before undergoing urography?

  • Patients with a history of kidney stones
  • Patients with a history of allergic reactions
  • Patients with diabetes and impaired renal function (correct)
  • Patients with urinary tract infections

    • What is the main contraindication for using intravenous water-soluble contrast media in urography?

    <p>Allergic reaction to contrast media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is dehydration unnecessary and does not improve image quality before undergoing urography?

    <p>To maintain diagnostic image quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason behind the kidneys appearing mildly hydronephrotic premicturition?

    <p>Geometric magnification in ultrasound measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can renal artery stenosis be diagnosed using Doppler techniques?

    <p>Elevated peak systolic velocities &gt;200 cm s−1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique is employed to evaluate renal transplants for vascular pathology?

    <p>Applying pressure to displace overlying bowel loops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In computed tomography urinary tract imaging, when is an arterial phase scan of the liver particularly appropriate?

    <p>When pulmonary metastatic disease is likely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor indicating a severe renal artery stenosis when evaluating intrarenal arteries using Doppler ultrasound?

    <p>Tardus parvus pattern with prolonged acceleration time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 5-min film during the imaging procedure described in the text?

    <p>To evaluate renal outline or possible masses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is compression contraindicated during the imaging procedure described in the text?

    <p>After recent abdominal surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ultrasound of the urinary tract, what is a common indication for performing renal vascular studies?

    <p>To guide needle placement in interventional procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the imaging procedure described, when is the immediate film exposing the nephrogram taken?

    <p>10–14 seconds after injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the release film aim to show during the imaging procedure described in the text?

    <p>Visualization of distal ureters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of performing a postcontrast scan at 100 s (nephrographic phase) in CT imaging of the kidneys?

    <p>To prevent small intraparenchymal lesions from being obscured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What CT technique is typically used to assess possible stone disease in patients with renal colic?

    <p>CT KUB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of washout on delayed CT images is highly specific for a benign adrenal lesion?

    <p>Greater than 60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a CTU, what is the purpose of acquiring thin-section scans during the nephrographic/parenchymal enhancement phase?

    <p>To visualize small tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional technique may be used in some protocols during a CTU to achieve collecting system distension?

    <p>Abdominal compression bands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering contrast 10-15 minutes before scanning and then an additional 50 mL at the time of the scan in computed tomography (CT) angiography?

    <p>To save radiation dose by showing nephrographic and pyelographic phases in the same acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a common indication for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the urinary tract according to the text?

    <p>Diagnosis of renal artery stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In MRI imaging of the prostate, which functional studies are increasingly being used as per the text?

    <p>Diffusion weighted imaging and MR spectroscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended to assess retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy in patients with bladder and prostate cancer?

    <p>CT scan with contrast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between static fluid-sensitive urography and excretory MR urography?

    <p>The presence of gadolinium enhancement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contrast medium is typically used for micturating cystourethrography?

    <p>High osmolar contrast material (HOCM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does chemical shift imaging help in the characterization of adrenal masses?

    <p>By affecting the resonant frequency of protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to monitor early filling during micturating cystourethrography?

    <p>To detect transient reflux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique is commonly used for excretory MR urography to image the collecting systems?

    <p>3D gradient echo, T1-weighted sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which patient position is it recommended to visualize the lower ureter during micturating cystourethrography?

    <p>Anterior oblique position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of lateral views in urodynamic studies?

    <p>To detect urinary tract infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should oblique views be used during the procedure?

    <p>When evaluating for leaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an appropriate aftercare consideration following the procedure?

    <p>Warning about the possibility of dysuria and retention of urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can arise from catheter trauma?

    <p>Urinary retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main contraindication for ascending urethrography in males?

    <p>Acute urinary tract infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the contrast medium be prepared for ascending urethrography?

    <p>$20$ mL prewarmed contrast medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key step in the technique of ascending urethrography?

    <p>Inflating the catheter balloon with water to anchor it</p> Signup and view all the answers

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