Module 1 - Nature of Science, Explanatory Depth, Science of Thinking

<p>A process of discovery, creativity, and data sharing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data consists of facts or measurements, while interpretations are explanations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is essential for generating new questions and methods of investigation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It will lead to sea level rise threatening low-lying areas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overestimating one's understanding of a subject (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The generation of novel ideas and new interpretations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Descriptions of volcanic rock characteristics like 'glassy' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common everyday knowledge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People often confuse how something works with simply recognizing it. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specialization in knowledge leads to greater societal efficiency. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Explaining how the policies work. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Societal structures allow for specialization and reliance on others. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People may hold strong opinions despite lacking understanding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collective knowledge compensates for individual lack of understanding. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>System One (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often follow non-linear trajectories (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A non-linear path in which individual experiences build upon each other, shaping career choices and paths in science.

Experiences in the natural world that evoke wonder and curiosity, inspiring a desire to understand the world.

Experiences that shape our understanding of the world and influence our choices, particularly in science, based on personal interactions with the environment.

A field of study focusing on the physical processes that shape the Earth's surface, including the formation of mountains, valleys, and landforms.

The scientific process of investigation that involves making observations, formulating hypotheses, conducting experiments, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions.

A type of landslide characterized by a rapid flow of wet, debris-laden material, often occurring in mountainous areas.

A specialized research instrument used to simulate high-gravity conditions, allowing scientists to study landslides and other geological phenomena at a smaller scale.

Data collected from observations that can be measured numerically, such as the dimensions of craters.

Data collected from observations that cannot be measured numerically, such as the types of rocks present.

A proposed explanation for a phenomenon that can be tested through experiments.

A prediction about the outcome of an experiment based on a specific hypothesis.

The process of making observations, formulating hypotheses, testing them with experiments, and drawing conclusions.

An explanation for an observation based on evidence and the scientific method. It's not just a guess, but a well-supported answer.

A change in the density of an object compared to its surroundings, causing it to sink or float.

A process of exploration and discovery that aims to understand the world around us. It involves asking questions, gathering evidence, testing hypotheses, and sharing findings.

Information gathered through observation, measurement, or experimentation. It can be qualitative (descriptive) or quantitative (numerical).

Interpretations are explanations or conclusions drawn from data. They are based on scientists' understanding of the world and the evidence they have collected.

The process of scientific investigation involves asking questions, forming hypotheses, conducting experiments, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions.

The gases that make up the air we breathe, including nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), and carbon dioxide (CO2).

The gradual increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over time, largely attributed to human activities.

Natural phenomena such as volcanoes that release gases and other materials into the atmosphere, contributing to changes in its composition.

Descriptive terms used to characterize the appearance or properties of geological samples, such as 'dark', 'glassy', or 'vesicular'.

The tendency to overestimate one's understanding of a topic, often based on superficial knowledge.

Change blindness is the failure to notice changes in a visual scene. Change blindness blindness is the inability to realize that we are susceptible to change blindness.

A mental model or representation of how something works, often based on incomplete or inaccurate information.

A study conducted by Leonid Rozenblit and Frank Keil in 2002, which explored the phenomenon of the illusion of explanatory depth.

A book co-authored by Phil Fernbach, which explores the concept of the illusion of explanatory depth and how it influences our understanding of the world.

The ability to remember things that are repeated more often.

A simple test used to assess someone's understanding of how something works. The test involves drawing the key components of an object, such as the pedals, chain, and frame of a bicycle.

A research area that explores the nature of human knowledge and how we think about the world.

The idea that people can specialize in different areas of knowledge, enabling society to function efficiently. Each person doesn't need to know everything, as long as we can rely on others for expertise.

The tendency for people to overestimate their understanding of complex concepts, particularly on controversial topics.

The belief that understanding something solely through familiarity or recognition, without deeper comprehension.

The ability to understand and explain complex concepts in a simple and clear way. It involves breaking down information into smaller, manageable pieces.

The idea that understanding something fully requires recognizing the limitations of our knowledge, and acknowledging the specialized areas of expertise that others contribute.

The ability to think critically and evaluate the information presented to us, particularly when it comes to complex issues. It involves asking relevant questions, considering different perspectives, and forming reasoned conclusions.

The combination of multiple perspectives and specialized knowledge to gain a comprehensive understanding of a complex topic.

System 1 operates automatically and quickly, using intuition and past experiences. It's often effortless and responsible for our first impressions, habits, and quick decisions.

System 2 is slower, effortful, and deliberate. It requires focus and conscious reasoning, involved in complex calculations, planning, and self-control.

The 'Bat and Ball' question highlights how System 1 can provide quick but sometimes incorrect answers. Our automatic response can be influenced by how the information is presented.

Our brain evolved to prioritize efficient resource use. System 1 handles routine tasks, conserving System 2's capacity for complex situations.

When we encounter new situations, our automatic responses (based on past habits) can lead to conflicts with new information, creating errors. This highlights System 1's reliance on past experiences.